Disease and Infection

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

A micro-organism that causes disease

Question 2

What are the two types of Pathogen?

Answer 2

Bacteria

Virus

Question 3

What are bacteria?

Answer 3

Small living cells

Question 4

How can bacteria make you sick?

Answer 4

Damaging your cells

Producing toxins

Question 5

What are viruses?

Answer 5

They are not cells. They are not necessarily living

Question 6

Is a bacteria or virus larger?

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

What about a virus makes you feel ill?

Answer 7

They viruses damaging your cells.

Question 8

How do viruses damage the cells?

Answer 8

They enter the cells and make the cells produce copies of the virus. This happens until the cell bursts and releases all the others.

Question 9

What does your respiratory tract have to stop infection?

Answer 9

They have skin, hairs and mucus to stop pathogens being breathed in.

Question 10

How does the body prevent infection at cuts?

Answer 10

The platelets will clot the cuts.

Question 11

What are the three ways White Blood Cells destroy pathogens?

Answer 11

Engulfing them
Producing AntiToxins
Producing Antibodies

Question 12

What sort of White Blood Cell engulfs pathogens?

Answer 12

Phagocyte

Question 13

What sort of White blood cell produces Antibodies?

Answer 13

A Lymphocyte

Question 14

What identifies pathogens?

Answer 14

Antigens.

Question 15

What is an Antigen?

Answer 15

Molecules on the surface of a pathogen which identify it for White Blood Cells

Question 16

How do Lymphocytes respond to foreign Antibodies?

Answer 16

They create proteins called Antibodies which kill them

Question 17

What is injected in Vaccinations?

Answer 17

Dead or inactive forms of the disease.

Question 18

How does a vaccine prevent infection?

Answer 18

It means the White blood cells immediately produce the antibodies needed to kill the pathogen or fight off the disease.

Question 19

What does the MMR vaccine stop?

Answer 19

Mumps
Measles
Rubella

Question 20

What are the positives to vaccination?

Answer 20

They control infectious diseases, i.e.: Polio, measles,smallpox
They can prevent epidemics

Question 21

What are the negatives to vaccines?

Answer 21

They don’t always work

You have aftereffects like fever or seizures

Question 22

Name some types of drugs.

Answer 22

Recreational
Painkillers
Antibiotics
Cures
Sympton relievers
Performance Enhancing Drugs
Stimulants

Question 23

What do Painkillers do?

Answer 23

They do not cure the disease, instead they relieve the symptoms by blocking the pain

Question 24

What do Antibiotics do?

Answer 24

They kill bacteria

Question 25

Why is difficult to make drugs to cure viruses?

Answer 25

It’s hard not to damage the cells

Question 26

How do bacteria become resistant?

Answer 26

They have genetic mutations and this can sometimes make them resistant to the antibiotics

Question 27

What is MRSA?

Answer 27

An infection of bacteria around wounds. It is resistant to antibiotics like methicillin

Question 28

How are doctors trying to reduce the development of resistant strains of bacteria?

Answer 28

By only prescribing antibiotics rarely and if serious

Question 29

What is a culture medium?

Answer 29

What microorganism cultures are grown in

Question 30

What does Agar Jelly have that makes it a good culture medium?

Answer 30

It has lots of carbohydrates, minerals, proteins and vitamins.

Question 31

Why are cultures in school labs kept at about 25C?

Answer 31

Because harmful pathogens probably won’t be grown at this temperature

Question 32

Who found that antiseptic solution and washing hands could reduce deaths?

Answer 32

Ignaz Semmelweis