Squier

Question 1

A cell’s capacity to give rise to ALL CELL types

Answer 1

pluripotency

Question 2

A cell’s capacity to give rise to a SMALL NUMBER of different cell types

Answer 2

Multipotency

Question 3

How can stem cells be used in diabetes?

Answer 3

Form differentiated beta cells in vitro and introduce through hepatic portal vein

Question 4

How can stem cells be used in Parkinson’s?

Answer 4

Differentiate the stem cells into a neuron, graft into brain

Question 5

How can stem cells be used in spinal repair?

Answer 5

Goal of demyelinating cells to treat spinal trauma

Question 6

How are stem cells used in IVF?

Answer 6

Extra embryos are frozen and can be used to harvest ES cells

Question 7

How are stem cells used in SCNT?

Answer 7

Early embryo can be used to create ES

Question 8

How are induced pluripotent stem cells generated?

Answer 8

Engineered cells derived from somatic cells that resemble ES

Introducing foreign genes into cells using vector

Question 9

How can stem cells be used in hematopoeitc stem cell transplantation?

Answer 9

Radiation preferentially kills diving cells, where hematopoeitc tissue of bone is most sensitive
Following repopulation from donor there is immune cell reprogramming and a transfer of tolerance

Question 10

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 10

Scurvy: swollen, spongy gums, anemia, muscle pain

Question 11

Biotin

Answer 11

coenzyme for carboxylation rxns

Question 12

Folic acid

Answer 12

transfers 1 carbon fragments in synth of amino acids

Question 13

Vitamin B1

Answer 13

cofactor for enzymes; key to catalyzing bond cleavage

Question 14

Vitamin B2 and B3

Answer 14

cofactor for oxidase and dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 15

Vitamin B6

Answer 15

cofactor required for glycogen phosphorylase

Question 16

Vitamin B12

Answer 16

cofactor for breakdown of odd-numbered fatty acids and mentioning synth

Question 17

Vitamin K

Answer 17

coagulation

Question 18

Vitamin A

Answer 18

important for vision, steroid hormones, reproduction and teeth

Question 19

Iodine

Answer 19

required for synth of thyroid hormones

Question 20

Zinc

Answer 20

structural or catalytic role like in cofactors for enzymes

Question 21

Copper

Answer 21

cofactors in enzymes that involve ox/redox

Question 22

Iron

Answer 22

oxygen transport
unbound iron is very toxic
transferred as transferrin
stored as ferritin

Question 23

Iron deficiency

Answer 23

leads to anemia and epithelial abnormalities

Question 24

Iodine deficiency

Answer 24

leads to goiter