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MCBM > Kuehn > Flashcards

Kuehn Flashcards

1
Q

Zygote

A

fertilized egg; single cell

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2
Q

Embryo

A

2-8 weeks

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3
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks - birth; starts at 57th day

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4
Q

Conceptus

A

embryo or fetus + al surrounding membranes

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5
Q

Trimester

A

1/3 human development time

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6
Q

Meosis

A 
Gamete formation;
Two cell divisions
Only occurs in germinal cells (gonads)
1 DNA replication, 2 divisions
4N --> 2N --> N
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7
Q

Mitosis

A

Occurs in all cells
1 DNA replication, 1 division
4N –> 2N

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8
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Spertmatogonia undergo mitosis

Primary and secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis

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9
Q

Spermiogenesis

A

Morphological differentiation of spermatids

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10
Q

Oogonium

A

Only in fetus

All oogonia complete differentiation into primary oocytes by birth

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11
Q

Primary oocyte

A

Found in most follicles

Remains in prophase of division 1 until some signal initiates further development

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12
Q

Ovum

A

forms only after fusion w/sperm

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13
Q

Follicles

A

Contains oocyte plus associated supporting cells

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14
Q

Primordial follicle

A

1 thin layer of follicular cells

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15
Q

Primary follicle

A

1 cuboidal layer of follicular cells

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16
Q

Secondary follicle

A

growing follicle

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17
Q

Mature follicle

A

contains antrum, primary/secondary oocyte

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18
Q

Ovulation

A

Hormone controlled enzymes reduce the thickness of the ovary wall
Secondary oocyte ruptures the outer epithelium and forces them into the peritoneal cavity

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19
Q

Blastomeres of equal size and surrounded by zone pellucida

A

2-4 cell stage

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20
Q

Last synchronous division stage

A

8 cell stage

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21
Q

Ball of 12-32 cells still bound in zone pellucida

A

morula

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22
Q

Cells in morula shrink and migrate to the edge leaving a cavity in the middle; Outer cells = trophoblast; Inner cells = embryoblast

A

blastocyst

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23
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle of 3 primary germ layers

Develops splanchnopleure and somatopleure

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24
Q

Extra-embryonic mesoderm

A

develops from yolk sac epithelium

25
Q

Intra-embryonic mesoderm

A

develops from epiblast

26
Q

Epiblast becomes

A

ectoderm

27
Q

Hypoblast becomes

A

endoderm

28
Q

Notochord

A

Arises from epiblast at primitive node

Eventually forms solid mass that will eventually disappear

29
Q

Dermamyotome

A

Creates all muscles in body

30
Q

Sclerotome

A

Creates vertebrae and intervertebral disks

31
Q

Somatopleure

A

Rest of skeleton

32
Q

Sonic Hedge Hog

A

Expressed by notochord and activates folding cycle

Edge of neural plate form a groove = neural crest

33
Q

Ectoderm creates

A

skin, hair, nails, tooth enamel, anterior pituitary

34
Q

Endoderm creates

A

thyroid, lungs, trachea, thymus, bladder

35
Q

Intermediate mesoderm creates

A

kidney, ureter, gonads

36
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm somatopleure creates

A

bones, cartilage, fascia, vasculature

37
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm splanchnopleure creates

A

visceral smooth muscle, visceral fascia

38
Q

Neuroectoderm

A

brain, brainstem, spinal cord

39
Q

Neural crest

A

melanocytes, peripheral nervous system, adrenal medulla, meninges

40
Q

Which pharyngeal arches (PA) degenerate early?

A

1 & 2

41
Q

PA 1 maxillary division derivatives

A

max division of trigem, mastication mm, maxillary b

42
Q

PA 1 mandibular division derivatives

A

mandib division of trigem, mandibular b, meckel’s cartilage

43
Q

PA 2 derivatives

A

facial n, facial expression mm, hyoid bone, Reichert’s cartilage

44
Q

PA 3 derivatives

A

glossopharyngeal n, stylopharyngeus m

45
Q

PA4 derivatives

A

vagus n, cricothyroid and mm of pharynx, thyroid cartilage

46
Q

PA6 derivatives

A

vagus n, intrinsic mm of larynx, cricoid cartilage

47
Q

Mesenchymal migration

A

4th-5th week

48
Q

Condensation of mesoderm

A

5th-6th week

49
Q

Chondrification

A

6th week

50
Q

Primary ossification

A

7-12 weeks

51
Q

Secondary ossification

A

birth-9 years

52
Q

Fusion of epiphyseal plates

A

18-25 years

53
Q

What forms late in the 5th week?

A

Epimere (deep back muscles)
Hypomere (appendicular and body wall muscles)
Somatopleure (forms bone, cartilage and CT)

54
Q

Amniotic membrane consists of

A

Yolk sac membrane, chorionic membrane, allantois, conecting stalk

55
Q

When is a fetus viable?

A

3rd trimester

56
Q

What occurs in a development defect during the 1st two weeks?

A

embryionic death

57
Q

What occurs in a development defect during weeks 3-8?

A

serious malformation

58
Q

What occurs in a development defect during week 9-birth?

A

progressively less severe

MCBM (11 decks)

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