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business gcse > 2.5 - making human resource decisions > Flashcards

2.5 - making human resource decisions Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an organisational structure

A

something that identifies job roles in the organisational hierarchy and explains line management, it also identifies relationships between different employees, departments and locations.

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2
Q

what is span of control

A

an organisation chart shows the span of control, it is the number of employees for which people that a manager is directly responsible for

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3
Q

what number of employees is considered a wide span of control?

A

7

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4
Q

what number of employees is considered around a ‘narrow’ span of control?

A

3

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5
Q

what is a chain of command?

A

something that shows lines of authority within the business upon which communication passes.

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6
Q

what is the structure of a flat structure?

A

a flat structure has a few layers, short chains of command and wide spans of control

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7
Q

what is the structure of a hierarchial structure?

A

a hierarchial structure has many layers, long chains of command and narrow spans of control

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8
Q

what is centralised decision making?

A

decision making stays at the top of the hiearchy

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9
Q

what is decentralised decision making?

A

decision making is spread out to include more junior managers in the hierarchy as well as individual units

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10
Q

what are advantages to centralised decision making?

A

decisions are made for benefit of the whole business

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11
Q

what are disadvantages to centralised decision making?

A

lack of authority down the hiearchy, this may reduce staff motivation

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12
Q

what are the advantages to decentralised decision making?

A

decisions are made closer to customers, catering to their needs

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13
Q

what are disadvantages to decentralised decision making?

A

it is difficult to ensure practices , policies and consistency may be preferred

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14
Q

what is delegation?

A

when authority is passed down to another member of staff

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15
Q

what is an ltd

A

a private limited company

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16
Q

what is internal communication?

A

it relates to how messages are sent and received by employees

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17
Q

what are barriers to effective communication?

A

type of language, noise levels, amount of info, emotions, chance of a message distorting, inconsistency

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18
Q

what are the rules to good communication?

A

clear message, simple message, up to date info, feedback

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19
Q

what kind of hours can someone work?

A

full time, part time, flexible hours

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20
Q

what is full time hours like?

A

to work a number of hours (aka working a full week) , this ranges 35-40 hours

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21
Q

what are part time hours like?

A

any amount of hours under full time

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22
Q

what are flexible hours like?

A

the employee / employer has a choice about their hours

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23
Q

what are the ways of working flexible hours?

A

annualised hours, flexitime, compressed hours, job share, zero hour

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24
Q

what are annualised hours?

A

the employee has to work a certain amount of hours over the years. Sometimes ‘core hours’ have to be regularly worked

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25
what is flexitime?
the employee chooses when they start and end but core hours must be worked
26
what are compressed hours?
same hours worked over fewer days
27
what is job-share?
2 or more employees agree to share the work and pay of a full time job
28
what are the advantages of flexible hours to employees?
flexibility for family needs, lower stress levels, improved well being, control, reduced childcare costs (babysitters, etc)
29
what are advantages to employers of flexible hours?
increased productivity, increased staff retention, lower absenteeism rates, match supply and demand
30
what is zero hours?
the employee is not guaranteed a set amount of hours to work each week
31
what types of contracts are there?
permanent, temporary, freelance
32
what is a permanent contract?
the employee is employed until they're sacked or they leave the job
33
what is a temporary contract?
the employee is hired for a fixed period of time
34
what are some examples of technology used to enable remote working?
phones, website analytics, broadband, laptops, email, training / revision delivered via webinar platform, email, virtual meetings, sharing documents
35
what is recruitment and selection?
identifying the need for a job, defining requirements of the position and job holder, advertising the position and choosing the most appropriate person for the job
36
why do vacancies happen in a business?
an employee may have quit, got fired, retired, died, promoted or subconded, business expanded (more staff needed) long term sicknesses, maternity / paternity leave, career breaks
37
name the steps from the process of recruiting someone
draw up a job analysis, do a job description, person specification, advertise the job, receive applications, create a long / short list, do interviews and testing, select and collect references, send out an offer / rejection letter, send the employment contract
38
what is job analysis?
when someone quits, the vacant spot is looked into to look for any changes, replacements in the job are then made
39
what is job description?
job title and its duties
40
what is a person specification?
the type of person you want for the job
41
what is job advertising?
promoting the job to people
42
what is a long / short list?
a list of applications (may be shortened)
43
what is a reference?
someone who can vouch for you
44
what is an offer / rejection letter?
a letter to inform if you were accepted or denied
45
what is internal recruitment?
the business will fill the vacant position with an existing employee
46
what is external recruitment?
the business will search for new candidates from outside of the business
47
what do businesses ask for when you apply for a job?
the business will request the applicant to send their cv and a covering letter and potentially an application form that may be asked for completion
48
what are advantages to application forms?
specific questions can be asked to closely cater to match the job vacancy, standardised forms are easy to compare, it may put applicants off the job and the list will be shorter, you can tell the employees are more serious
49
what are advantages to a cv?
less time consuming for the business, more informal and gives business an insight on the applicant's personality, time isn't wasted creating cvs
50
what is formal training?
when employees are taken from their usual place of work to be trained
51
what are advantages to formal training?
wider skill range can be obtained, can learn from experts, confidence, no interruptions to training
52
what are disadvantages to formal training?
it's expensive, lost work time, since they learn new skills the employee may leave for a new job
53
what is informal training?
employees receive training in the workplace whilst observed
54
what are advantages to informal training?
it's cheap, they can stay productive, learning opportunities open up, you can train with colleagues
55
what are disadvantages to informal training?
bad habits may be passed on, quality depends on the trainer, bad learning environment, disruption in the workplace
56
what is self learning?
an employee learns online, self teaches and can use computer programs to help
57
what are advantages to self learning?
independence, training opportunities online, you can assess your own knowledge, it's cheaper, suits some training methods
58
what are disadvantages to self learning?
it is not suitable for everybody / all jobs, mainly reliant on motivation
59
what is ongoing learning?
as change is rapid, training is provided for employees based on the business' needs
60
what are performance reviews?
when an employer asks an employee how they're doing and ask if they need any specific training, targets are set and better performance may lead to development training
61
what are factors that affect training choice?
job type, budget, time available, business resources that can be used for training, needs
62
what is the importance of motivation?
attract employees, retain employees, keep productivity levels up
63
how to businesses motivate their employees? (financial)
remuneration, bonus, commission, promotion, fringe benefit
64
how to businesses motivate their employees? (non-financial)
job rotation and enrichment, autonomy
65
what is motivation?
the will to do something
66
what are advantages to a motivated workplace?
staff produce more, higher attendancy rates, staff retention, good reputation, employees care about work quality
67
what is remuneration?
financial gain
68
what is a promotion?
getting a higher position
69
what are fringe benefits?
something you get with your job (not money related)
70
what is a salary?
fixed amount of money paid by the employer regularly
71
what is a wage?
paid by the hour weekly/monthly
72
what is a commission?
payment based on your value of sales achieved over some time
73
what is a bonus?
extra pay
74
what is job enlargement?
a bigger variety in tasks for an employee to do
75
what is job enrichment?
a raise in complexity of tasks to do
76
how does training motivate an employee?
makes employee feel valued
77
what is autonomy?
the ability to make decisions on your own
78
what is job rotation?
when you change jobs in periods of time
79

business gcse (7 decks)

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