25 Third Subjunctive: PRESENT Indicators Flashcards by Michael Bulfin

𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞 𝟏: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐣𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐀𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 ‘𝐐𝐮𝐞’

The subjunctive frequently follows ‘que’, and is used after verbs that express

𝐀. 𝐖𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐬, 𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐬
 For example: 
esperar que, 
desear que,
 querer que

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I hope you go

I want you to come

Espero que vayas

Quiero que vengas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

𝐁. 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐟, 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥, 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞:

no creer que,
dudar que,
negar que

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I don’t think it’s true

No creo que sea verdad

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I deny that she was there

Niego que ella estuviera allí (Imperfect Subj)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

𝐂. 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬

For example:
es posible que,
es probable que

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It’s possible they’ll come

Es posible que vengan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It’s likely that I’ll go

Es probable que vaya

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

𝐃. 𝐑𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬

For example:

pedir que,
decir que,
exigir que (to demand that)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I’m asking you to come and collect me this afternoon

Te estoy pidiendo que vengas a recogerme esta tarde.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I ask that you don’t get back/arrive late

Te pido que no regreses / llegues tarde

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I demand that you treat me with respect

Te exijo que me trates con respeto

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

to demand

exigir

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

𝐄. 𝐎𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬

For example:
es fantástico que, = its fantastic that
es una vergüenza que = it’s a shame that,
es injusto que, = it’s unfair that,
es bueno que, = it’s good that
es malo que, = its bad that
está bien que, = it’s good that
está mal que, = it’s wrong that,
el hecho de que = the fact that

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It’s important that you study

Es importante que estudies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I’d like to thank you (Sing/Pl) for coming today.

Me gustaría agradecer el hecho de que haya/hayan venido hoy.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The fact that you are going back to work is good news

El hecho de que vuelvas a trabajar es una buena noticia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

𝐅. 𝐎𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬

For example:
Es mejor que, = it’s better that,
hace falta que, = it is necessary that,
es necesario que, = it is necessary that,
aconsejo que, = I advise that,
recomiendo que = I recommend that

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It’d be better for you to go

Es mejor que te vayas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

You need to learn more

Hace falta que aprendas más

Necesitas que aprendas más

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It’s necessary that you return

Es necesario que vuelvas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I advise you to be careful

Te aconsejo que tengas cuidado

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I recommend that you get up early

Te recomiendo que te levantes pronto

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

𝐆. 𝐄𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬

I’m happy that you are happy

For example:
siento que, = I feel that,
lamento que, = I regret that,
me gusta que, = I like that,
me alegro (de) que, =I’m happy that,
me extraña que, = I’m surprised that
me sorprende que = I’m surprised that,
= It is surprising to me
estoy feliz de que seas feliz

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

I'm sorry you don't want to come

Siento que no quieras venir

I like it that she helps me

Me gusta que ella me ayude

I’m happy that you like it

Me alegro (de) que te guste

It’s strange/surprising that they haven’t shown up | I am surprised

Me extraña que no hayan aparecido

It bothers me that they call you outside working hours

Me molesta que te llamen fuera de horas de trabajo

𝐇. “𝐍𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧”

For example: No veo que, no digo que, no me acuerdo que, no noto que (I don't notice that)

I don’t see that you’re helping me

No veo que me ayudes

I’m not saying that it’s true

No digo que sea verdad

I don’t remember what they told me

No me recuerdo de lo que me dijeron (Preterite not Subj)

I can’t tell that they’re sad | Actual: I do not notice that they are sad

No noto que estén tristes

How the subjunctive is used can best be seen through examples of various uses.

In these sample sentences, the Spanish verbs are all in the subjunctive mood, although the English verbs may not be:

I want you to not be cold.

Quiero que no tengas frío.

I'm sorry you are cold. The sentence expresses the speaker's emotions about a perceived reality.

Siento que tengas frio. What is important in this sentence is the speaker's feelings, not whether the other person is cold.

I'm giving you my coat so you won't be cold.

Te doy mi chaqueta para que no tengas frío. The sentence expresses the speaker's intent, not necessarily reality.

People are allowed to wear jackets there.

Se permite que lleven chaquetas allí. The phrase expresses permission for an action to take place.

Tell her to wear her jacket.

Di a ella que lleve una chaqueta. This expresses a command or wish of the speaker.

It is preferable that you (Pl) don't travel to London tomorrow.

Es preferible que ustedes no viajen mañana a Londres. This subjunctive is often used in giving advice.

Nobody is cold.

No hay nadie que tenga frío. This is an expression of a negation of the action in a subordinate clause.

Perhaps he is cold.

Tal vez tenga frío. (Subj) BUT El tiene frio (Indic) This is an expression of doubt.

If I were a rich man, I would play the fiddle.

Si yo fuera un rico, tocaría el violín. (Conditional) This is an expression of a statement contrary to fact. Note that in this English translation, "were" is also in the subjunctive mood.)

What is the subjunctive? The subjunctive is a verb mood. What does that mean? A verb mood, of which there are four, shows the meaning behind a verb, not the time at which it occurred - the subjunctive ≠ a tense. The four verb moods which exist are the indicative, the conditional, the subjunctive, and the jussive.

The indicative is the easier form which is learnt first - used for things like facts or definite situations, like “He was here”. The conditional is used for situations which are dependent on other situations to be able to occur, like “I would go, if I had the time“. The jussive is the form used for the “Let's ...“ and imperative forms of the verb, like “Let's eat” and “Eat!”. The subjunctive, however, is used in situations of doubt, desire, opinion, and others, which will be shown later.

The indicative mood is used to talk about facts and other statements that are believed to be true and concrete.

The subjunctive mood is used to talk about desires, doubts, wishes, conjectures, and possibilities. El estado de ánimo de subjuntivo se utiliza para hablar de deseos, dudas, imperativos, conjeturas y posibilidades.

𝐌𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐯𝐬. 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 Grammatical mood reflects a speaker's attitude toward a statement. As stated above, Spanish has three moods: the subjunctive, the indicative, and the conditional, imperative.

Grammatical tense refers to when an action takes place. Spanish has three tenses: the past, the present, and the future.

General Rules for Differentiating Between the Indicative and the Subjunctive: The indicative mood is used to talk about things that are objective and/or certain. This includes things like facts, descriptions, and scheduled events.

The subjunctive mood is used to talk about things that are subjective and/or possible, but not certain. This includes things like doubts, wishes, recommendations, unknowns, and opinions about the likelihood of other events occurring.

INDICATIVE PRESENT TENSE | Victoria studies Spanish.

INDICATIVE PRESENT TENSE Victoria estudia español. (I)

SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT TENSE It is possible that Victoria studies Spanish.

SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT TENSE Es posible que Victoria estudie español. (S)

INDICATIVE PRESENT TENSE I'm sure that Victoria studies Spanish.

INDICATIVE PRESENT TENSE Estoy seguro que Victoria estudia español.

SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT TENSE I doubt that Victoria studies Spanish.

SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT TENSE Dudo que Victoria estudie español. (S)

Victoria estudia español. Indicative

From the speaker’s viewpoint, the idea that "Victoria studies Spanish" is an objective fact.

Es posible que Victoria estudie español. Subjunctive

From the speaker’s viewpoint, the idea that "Victoria studies Spanish" is a hypothetical situation that may or may not be true.

Estoy seguro que Victoria estudia español. (Indicative)

From the speaker’s viewpoint, there is no doubt about Victoria studying Spanish.

Dudo que Victoria estudie español. Subjunctive

From the speaker’s viewpoint, there is doubt about Victoria studying Spanish.

Did you notice the repetition of the phrase "from the speaker's viewpoint" above? This is key to understanding a very important point: "indicative" does not mean "true."

As long as a speaker feels that what they're saying is true, the indicative can be used. This does not, however, mean that what they're saying is actually true.

𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐣𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 ``` There are three main features that most sentences that use the subjunctive share: TWO SUBJECTS TWO VERBS and a RELATIVE PRONOUN ```

Hay tres características principales que comparten la mayoría de las oraciones que usan el subjuntivo:

1. TWO SUBJECTS Most Subjunctive sentences will have one subject in the main clause and one in the secondary clause.

TWO SUBJECTS The attitude of the subject in the main clause is what triggers the use of the subjunctive in the secondary clause.

Laura wants you to clean the bathroom.

Laura quiere que tú limpies el baño.

It is perfectly possible to use the subjunctive when both clauses refer to the same subject.

For example:

I doubt I can go to the party. | I hope I know how to do it.

Dudo que yo pueda ir a la fiesta. | Espero que yo lo sepa hacer.

2. TWO VERBS Most subjunctive sentences have two verbs: a verb in the indicative in the main clause and a verb in the subjunctive in the secondary clause.

2. TWO VERBS | For example:

Laura wants you to clean the bathroom.

Laura quiere que tú limpies el baño.

3. A RELATIVE PRONOUN Most subjunctive sentences have a relative pronoun (such as QUE or QUIEN) that links the main (indicative) clause to the secondary (subjunctive) clause.

For example:

Laura wants you to clean the bathroom.

Laura quiere QUE tú limpies el baño.

WORDS AND PHRASES THAT TRIGGER THE SUBJUNCTIVE CONCEPT "WEIRDO" VERBS

RELATED VERBS AND PHRASES

𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐤 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐬

``` desear, esperar, exigir, = to demand insistir preferir querer pedir necesitar ```

𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐤 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 siento que, = I feel that, lamento que, = I regret that, me gusta que, = I like that, me alegro (de) que, =I'm happy that, me extraña que, = I'm surprised that me sorprende que = I'm surprised that,

``` alegrarse enojarse sentir encantar lamentar sorprender ```

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐄. 𝐎𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬

es extraño que = its strange/ surprising that es importante que = its important that es fantástico que =its fantastic that es fantástico que, = its fantastic that es una vergüenza que = it's a shame that, es injusto que, = it's unfair that, es bueno que, = it's good that es malo que, = its bad that está bien que, = it's good that está mal que, = it's wrong that, el hecho de que = the fact that

𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐤 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐅. 𝐎𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬

recomendar sugerir aconsejar ordenar mandar = to send insistir Es mejor que, = it's better that, hace falta que, = it is necessary that, es necesario que, = it is necessary that, recomiendo que = I recommend that

𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐛𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐤 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐛𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐇. “𝐍𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧” No veo que, no digo que, no me acuerdo que, = I don't remember that no noto que

``` dudar no creer no estar seguro no parecer no comprender no pensar ```

𝐎𝐣𝐚𝐥á

For this category, there's just one word - OJALÁ