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Medical Terminology > Chapter 22 (Not the spelling words) > Flashcards

Chapter 22 (Not the spelling words) Flashcards

1
Q

drug

A

Any substance that when taken into the body, may modify one or more of its functions

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2
Q

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA)

A
  • 1938
  • Regulates quality, purity, potency, effectiveness, safety, labeling, and packaging of food, drug, and cosmetic products
  • Enforced by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
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3
Q

Controlled Substances Act

A
  • Regulates manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances
  • Drugs that have the potential of being abused and of causing physical or psychological dependence
  • Enforced by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
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4
Q

Schedule I drugs

A
  • Not considered to be legitimate for medical use in the United States
  • Used for research only and cannot be prescribed
  • High risk for abuse
  • Examples: LSD, heroin, marijuana
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5
Q

Schedule II drugs

A
  • Accepted medical use but have a high potential for abuse or addiction
  • Must be ordered by written prescription
  • Cannot be refilled without a new, written prescription
  • Examples: morphine, cocaine, codeine, Demerol, Dilaudid
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6
Q

Schedule III drugs

A
  • Moderate potential for abuse or addiction, low potential for physical dependence
  • May be ordered by written prescription or by telephone order
  • Prescription expires in 6 months – may not be refilled more than 5 times in 6-month period
  • Examples: Tylenol with codeine, Butisol, Hycodan
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7
Q

Schedule IV drugs

A
  • Less potential for abuse or addiction than those of Schedule III, with limited physical dependence
  • May be ordered by written prescription or by telephone order
  • May be refilled up to 5 times in a 6-month period – prescription expires in 6 months
  • Examples: Librium, Valium, Darvon, Equanil
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8
Q

Schedule V drugs

A
  • Have a small potential for abuse or addiction
  • May be ordered by written prescription or by telephone order
  • No limit on prescription refills
  • Some of these drugs may not need prescription
  • Examples: Robitussin-AC, Donnagel-PG, Lomotil
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9
Q

Drug Standards

A

-Rules established to control strength, quality, and purity of medications prepared by various manufacturers
-Require all preparations called by the same drug name to be of a uniform strength, quality, and purity
-United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)=Contains formulas and information that provide standards for preparation and dispensation of drugs.
Recognized by U.S. government as the official listing of standardized drugs in the United States.
FDCA specifies a drug is official when it is listed in USP/NF

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10
Q

Drug References

A
  • Available for health professionals responsible for safe administration of medications
  • Provide the following information: Composition, action, indications for use, contraindications for use, precautions, side effects, adverse reactions, route of administration, dosage range, and what forms are available
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11
Q

Physicians’ Desk Reference

A

-Published yearly by Thomson Reuters
-Manufacturers pay to list information about their products in the PDR
-Same information that appears on package inserts (as required by the FDA)
-Generic name, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, dosage, and route of administration
-Additional references:
Physicians’ Desk Reference for Nonprescription Drugs
Physicians’ Desk Reference for Ophthalmology
Drug Interactions and Side Effects Index
Indications Index

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12
Q

Drug Facts and Comparisons

A
  • drugs according to their therapeutic classification
  • Same basic facts as other drug references
  • Particularly helpful in comparing the various drugs within each category to other products
  • In reference to effectiveness, content, and cost
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13
Q

Drug sources

A

Plants
Minerals
Animals
Synthetic

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14
Q

generic name

A
  • Name that was established when drug was first manufactured
  • Written in lowercase letters
  • Official name of a drug
  • Each drug has only one generic name
  • Original manufacturer is only company that can use generic name for the first 17 years
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15
Q

brand name

A
  • Name under which the drug is sold by a specific manufacturer
  • Spelling always begins with a capital letter
  • Also known as the trade name
  • Name is owned by the drug company and no other company may use that name
  • Each brand name carries a registered trademark symbol ®
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16
Q

drug action

A

How drugs produce changes within the body

17
Q

drug effect

A
  • Changes that take place in the body as a result of drug action
  • Slowing down or speeding up processes
  • Destroying certain cells or parts of cells
  • Replacing substances that the body lacks or fails to produce
18
Q

desired effect

A

Effect of drug in the body that was intended

19
Q

side effect

A
  • Additional effect on the body by the drug that was not part of the goal for that medication
  • Not usually severe enough to warrant discontinuing the medication
20
Q

local effect

A

Response to a medication that is confined to a specific part of the body

21
Q

ROA=Oral

A
  • Given by mouth and swallowed
  • Advantage: Easiest and safest method; Most economical method
  • Disadvantage: Slow method of absorption; Possibility of being destroyed by gastric juices
22
Q

ROA=sublingual

A
  • Placed under the tongue – dissolves in saliva
  • Advantage: More rapid absorption rate than oral; Higher concentration of medication reaches bloodstream
  • Disadvantage: Not convenient route of administration for bad-tasting medications or irritating medications
23
Q

ROA=buccal

A
  • Placed in mouth next to cheek (tablet form)
  • Advantage: More rapid absorption rate than oral; Higher concentration of medication reaches bloodstream
  • Disadvantage: Possibility of swallowing the pill
24
Q

ROA=inhalation

A
  • Medication is sprayed or inhaled into nose, throat, and lungs
  • Advantage: Good absorption due to large surface contact area; Provides rapid treatment
  • Disadvantage:Sometimes difficult to regulate dose; Not suitable method for medications that irritate mucous membrane lining
25
Q

ROA=rectal

A

-Medication is inserted into rectum and slowly absorbed into mucous membrane lining of rectum (suppository)
-Advantage: One method of choice when patient is nauseated or cannot take medications orally
Disadvantage: Absorption is slow and irregular

26
Q

ROA=vaginal

A
  • Medication is inserted into the vagina in the form of a suppository, cream, foam, or tablet
  • Advantage: Easiest method for treating the specific area
  • Disadvantage: Medications sometimes stain underwear; No other disadvantages
27
Q

ROA=topical

A
  • Medication is applied directly to the skin or mucous membrane for a local effect to area
  • Advantage:Easy method, convenient
  • Disadvantage: Slow absorption through skin
28
Q

ROA=transdermal

A
  • Method of applying a pre-measured amount of medicine to unbroken skin through an adhesive-backed disk
  • Advantage:Good method for administering medications slowly into bloodstream over a period of time
  • Disadvantage: Units can be dangerous if they come in contact with skin of children or pets
29
Q

ROA=parenteral

A
  • Administered by injecting medication into body using a needle and syringe
  • Must be in liquid form
  • Administered by one of following methods: Intradermal, Intramuscular, Intravenous, or Subcutaneous
30
Q

ROA=intradermal

A
  • Small amount of medication is injected just beneath epidermis
  • Used for allergy testing, tuberculin skin testing, and some vaccinations
  • Needle angle: 10- to 15-degree
31
Q

ROA=intramuscular

A
  • Medication is injected directly into muscle
  • Used for administering antibiotics, medications that might be irritating to layers of the skin, and medications that require dosages larger than amount allowed for subcutaneous injections
  • Needle angle: 90-degree
32
Q

ROA=intravenous

A
  • Medication is injected directly into the vein, entering the bloodstream immediately
  • Used when medication is needed quickly
  • Used for infusing medication over a period of time, by adding the medication to a bag of intravenous fluids
  • Needle angle: 25-degree
33
Q

ROA-subcutaneous

A
  • Medication is injected into subcutaneous layer, or fatty tissue, of skin
  • Used for administering insulin, hormones, and local anesthetics
  • Needle angle: 45-degree
34
Q

antidiuretic

A

-Suppresses the formation of urine

Example: vasopressin (Pitressin)

35
Q

diuretic

A

-Increases urine secretion

Example: furosemide (Lasix)

36
Q

common charting abbreviations guidelines

A
  • Medical abbreviations are a form of shorthand
  • Serve as a universal language for medical professionals
  • Provide specific information and/or orders in an abbreviated format
  • Health professional should use standard abbreviations accepted by their place of employment
  • When abbreviations have more than one meaning
37
Q

controlled substances

A
  • drugs that have the potential for abuse

- placed into 5 categories

38
Q

first-dose effect

A

-an undesired effect of a medication that occurs within 30-90 minutes after administration of the first dose

Medical Terminology (65 decks)

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