Pancreatic Function Flashcards
Which tissue secretes incretins?
The gut - mainly small intestine
Which peritoneal compartment is the pancreas in?
Retroperitoneal
Why does bydureon (long lasting exenatide) cause greater weight cf to exenatide?
The addition of a FA to increase HL means it can cross the BBB and suppress apeptite to a greater degree
Is glucose the only nutrient to stimulate insulin secretion?
No, aa’s and FAs also do
Why can’t you use GLP-1 for T1DM?
No beta cells for it to act on
What type of molecule is exenatide?
GLP-1R agonist - a lizard GLP-1 equivalent with a much longer half life than human GLP-1
How is amylin being used therapeutically?
Incombination with pramlintide for weight loss
What is the structure of the insulin protein?
Two peptide chains
Why is more insulin released in response to oral glucose cf to IV glucose?
The incretin effect
What is mechanism of action of DDP-4 inhibitors?
Inhibitors DDP-4 (which degrades incretins) to increase the effect of endogenous incretins
What is the effect of GLP-1?
Increase synthesis of proinsulin in response to high glucose (not normal glucose)
Inhibits glucagon release
Promotes Beta cell proliferation, maturation and differentiation
What are the two stages of insulin secretion?
- Rapid, within 2-5 minutes, exocytosis of vesicles close to the surface
- Prolonged duration secretion phase, lasts for the duration of stimulation
What is a possible drawback to GLP-1 therapy?
Pancreatitis
Pancreatic cancer
What is the main side effect of exenatide?
Nausea
What are the cells of the Islets of Langerhan?
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Phi
