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AP PSYCH > Prologue > Flashcards

Prologue Flashcards

0
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge comes from experiences via the senses and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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4
Q

humanistic psychology

A

emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

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5
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

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6
Q

Natural Selection

A

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

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7
Q

Levels of analysis

A

the differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon.

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8
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

An integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

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9
Q

Plato

A

student of Socrates-mind is separate from the body and knowledge is born within us

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10
Q

Socrates

A

Plato’s teacher-mind is separate from body and knowledge is born within us. derived principles by logic.

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11
Q

Aristotle

A

derived principles by observation-knowledge grows from experiences.

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12
Q

Descartes

A

“father of modern science”. Believed abnormal behavior was caused by abnormalities in the brain instead of supernatural causes. Mind and body are distinct and separate.

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13
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Introduced the scientific method which implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation and testing a hypothesis

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14
Q

John Locke

A

Adapted the theory of tabula rasa. Believed humans are born as a blank slate and we build who we are through experiences. Formed modern empiricism.

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15
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

opened first laboratory in Germany. And conducted psychology’s first experiment.

16
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Brought structuralism to the U.S. and opened first U.S. laboratory

17
Q

William James

A

One of the first US psychologists. Developed functionalism. Wrote “Principles of Psychology”

18
Q

Mary Calkins

A

student of James. Became pioneering memory researcher and the first female APA president.

19
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

The first woman to receive a psychology PhD. Synthesized animal behavior research in the Animal Mind.

20
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

looking at self actualization and how to reach full potential of self.

21
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes.

22
Q

Behavior Genetics Perspective

A

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

23
Q

Neuroscience Perspectives

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

24
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Looking at the unconcious. Psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior.

25
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

Observing behavior. Positive and negative reinforcers. A psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment.

26
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

mental processes.

27
Q

Social Cultural Perspective

A

Looking at the culture and social group that one is in, and how it influences a person’s behavior. How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

28
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

29
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

30
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Looking at the biological state of the body and how it influences behavior (brain, genetics, etc). Exploring links between brain and mind.

31
Q

Developmental Psychologists

A

studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

32
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

Experimenting how we perceive, think, and solve problems

33
Q

Personality Psychologists

A

investigating our persistent traits

34
Q

Social Psychologists

A

exploring how we view and affect one another

35
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Helps people cope with challenges by recognizing their strengths and resources

36
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

assess and treat people with psychological disorders

37
Q

Psychiatry

A

dealing with psychological disorders. Able to provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.

AP PSYCH (10 decks)

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