Chapter 10 Flashcards
Concepts
Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Cognition
Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Prototypes
Mental image or best example of a category
Algorithm
Step by step procedure that guarantees a solution
Heuristic
Mental shortcuts to solving a solution faster, but does not guarantee a solution
Insight
Sudden and often novel realization to a solution of a problem. Aha moment. Sense of satisfaction
Confirmation bias
Tendency to search for information that confirms our ideas or preconceptions
Fixation
Inability to see a problem from a new perspective
Mental set
Predisposes how we think. Tendency to approach a problem with mindset of what has worked before
Functional fixed ness
Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Representativeness heuristic
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match, particular prototypes. Error based on already existing prototype
Availability heuristic
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. If instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness) we presume such events are common
Overconfidence
Tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgements
Framing
The way an issue is presented can affect decisions and judgements
Belief bias
Tendency for ones preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
