Volcab Ch 4

Question 1

A-Band

Answer 1

The region of the sarcomere where myosin filaments are predominantly seen with minor overlap of the actin filaments.

Question 2

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 2

A high-energy compound occurring in all cells from which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed.

Question 3

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 3

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Question 4

Beta-oxidation (b-oxidation)

Answer 4

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP.

Question 5

Bioenergetic Continuum

Answer 5

Three main pathways used by the kinetic chain to produce ATP.

Question 6

Bioenergetics

Answer 6

The study of energy in the human body.

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

1. Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All carbohydrates are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar. 2. Neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (such as sugars, starches, and celluloses), which make up a large portion of animal foods.

Question 8

Energy

Answer 8

The capacity to do work.

Question 9

Equilibrium

Answer 9

A condition of balance between opposed forces, influences, or actions.

Question 10

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

Answer 10

The state in which the body?s metabolism is elevated after exercise.

Question 11

Exercise Metabolism

Answer 11

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Question 12

Fat

Answer 12

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of fats, saturated and unsaturated.

Question 13

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 13

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Question 14

Glucose

Answer 14

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body?s main source of fuel.

Question 15

Glycogen

Answer 15

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells.

Question 16

H-Zone

Answer 16

The area of the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present.

Question 17

I-Band

Answer 17

The area of the sarcomere where only actin filaments are present.

Question 18

Insertion

Answer 18

The part of a muscle by which it is attached to the part to be moved?compare with origin.

Question 19

Kinetic

Answer 19

Force.

Question 20

Lactic Acid

Answer 20

An acid produced by glucose-burning cells when these cells have an insufficient supply of oxygen.

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Question 23

Pyruvate

Answer 23

A byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis.

Question 24

Substrates

Answer 24

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Question 25

Triglycerides

Answer 25

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.