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AP Psychology > Prologue 1-16 > Flashcards

Prologue 1-16 Flashcards

0
Q

Socrates

A

The mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies.
Knowledge is innate - born within us.

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Plato

A

Socrates’ student.

Principles from logic.

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

The soul is NOT separable from the body.
Knowledge is NOT pre-existing, you learn.

Careful observations.

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4
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Father of modern philosophy.
Agreed with Socrates and Plato.
Studied animal spirits and nerves.
Abnormal behavior caused by abnormalities in the brain.

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5
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Scientific Method.
Father of modern science.
Drawing knowledge from natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing a hypothesis.

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6
Q

John Locke

A

At birth- the mind is a Blank Slate or White Paper.

Formed empiricism -

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge comes from experience via the senses.

Science flourishes through observation and experimentation.

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Established the first psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig, Germany.

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used Introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

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10
Q

Edward Titchener

A

William Wundt’s student.

Introduced Structuralism to U.S. – Used introspection to search for the minds structural elements.

Opened first lab in U.S. , Cornell University.

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11
Q

Introspection

A

Looking In.

Studying Yourself.

Self - Reflective.

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organisms to adapt, survive and flourish.

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13
Q

William James

A

Mentored Calkins.
One of the first U.S. psychologists.
Developed Funtionalism.
Wrote “Principles of Psychology”

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14
Q

Mary Calkins

A

Became a pioneering memory researcher and first woman American Psychological Association President. (APA)

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15
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

The first woman to receive a psychology P.h.D.

Synthesized animal behavior research in “the animal mind”

16
Q

Nature - Nurture Issue

A

Controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

17
Q

Natural Selection

A

Those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

18
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

19
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How the natural selections traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes.

20
Q

Behavior Genetics Perspective

A

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.

21
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

22
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

23
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

24
Q

Biological Scientists

A

Looking at biological state of body and how it influences behavior.

(brain, genetics, etc.)

25
Q

Developmental Psychologists

A

Human development across the life span.

Child development ➡️ Adolescence ➡️ Adulthood ➡️ Old Age

26
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

Higher mental processes➡️memory, reasoning, info processing, language, problem solving, decision making and creativity.

27
Q

Personality Psychologist

A

Describing and understanding individuals consistency in behavior, which represents their personality.

Factors that shape personality.

28
Q

Social Psychologist

A

Interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior.

Attitude formation, attitude change, prejudice, conformity, attraction, aggression.

29
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

Assisting people with problems in living.

School, work, marriage.

Achieving greater well being.

30
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

Studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders.

(diagnosis, emotional problems)

31
Q

Psychiatry

A

Medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (drugs) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

AP Psychology (25 decks)

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