Chapter 4- Development

Question 0

Zygote

Answer 0

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies, physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

The developing human organism from 9 weeks from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

Question 3

Fetus

Answer 3

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception and birth.

Question 4

Teratogens

Answer 4

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

Question 5

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 5

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking.

Question 6

Rooting Reflex

Answer 6

A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth and search for the nipple.

Question 7

Habituation

Answer 7

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

Question 9

Jean Piaget

Answer 9

Revolutionized our understanding of children’s minds

Question 10

Schemas

Answer 10

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

Interpreting ones new experience in terms of ones existing Schemas.

Question 12

Accommodation

Answer 12

Adapting ones current understanding (Schemas) to incorporate new information.

Question 13

Cognition

Answer 13

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communication.

Question 14

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 14

The stage from birth to about 2 years of age during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Question 15

Object Permanence

Answer 15

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 16

Preoperational Stage

Answer 16

The stage from about 2 to 6 or 7 during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 17

Conservation

Answer 17

The belief that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 18

Egocentrism

Answer 18

The Preoperational Childs difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 19

Theory of mind

Answer 19

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict.

Question 20

Autism

Answer 20

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind

Question 21

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 21

Stage of cognitive development (6/7 to 11 years) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

Question 22

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 22

Stage of cognitive development (age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

Question 23

Harry Harlow

Answer 23

Attachment

Question 24

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 24

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning by about 8 months of age

Question 25

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 25

Attachment differences

Insecure vs Secure

Question 26

Attachment

Answer 26

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 27

Secure Attachment

Answer 27

Comfort

Mom leaves - they explore

Question 28

Insecure Attachment

Answer 28

Distress

Mom leaves - they cry