Chapter 15

Question 0

Free Association

Answer 0

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling & acting.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis

Answer 2

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 3

Id

Answer 3

(Devil) Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives.

Question 4

Ego

Answer 4

(Umpire) The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego and reality.

Question 5

Superego

Answer 5

(Angel) The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations.

Question 6

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 6

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)

Question 7

Oedipus Complex

Answer 7

According to Freud, a boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

Question 8

Identification

Answer 8

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos.

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

A lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage.

Question 10

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 10

In psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Question 11

Repression

Answer 11

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from unconsciousness.

Question 12

Regression

Answer 12

Allows us to retreat to an earlier, more infantile psychosexual stage of development. (Child is anxious and sucks thumb)

Question 13

Reaction Formation

Answer 13

The ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. (Love-Hate)
(Bully is insecure but comes off as tough guy)

Question 14

Projection

Answer 14

Disguises threatening impulses by attributing them to others. (Hypocrites)

Question 15

Rationalization

Answer 15

When we unconsciously generate self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our actions. “I drink just to be sociable.”

Question 16

Displacement

Answer 16

Shifting sexual or aggressive threatening object of person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet.

Question 17

Collective Unconscious

Answer 17

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history.

Question 18

Projective Test

Answer 18

A personality test such as the rorschach or TAT that provides ambiguous stimuli.

Question 19

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 19

A projection test in which people’s express their inner feelings & interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.

Question 20

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 20

Most widely used projective test, 10 inkblots, seeks to identify people’s inner feelings