HIV Flashcards
*What are the risk factors for HIV transmission?
- Higher viral load in source individual.
- Lack of circumcision.
- IV drug abuse.
- Multiple sex partners (>2 in 6 months).
- Selling sex for money or drugs.
- Presence of other STIs.
- Host & genetic factors not yet well defined.
- Having Sex at all.
What are the routes of transmission for HIV?
- Sexual intercourse
- Exposure to contaminated blood
- Perinatal transmission
- Percutaneous or mucocutaneous exposures
CLINICAL CASE:
A 23 year old man presents with a history of unprotected receptive anal sex with a known HIV-infected man, and one week of fever, severe fatigue, cervical lymphadenopathy, and a maculopapular rash. HIV-1/2 ELISA is non-reactive. He has had a mild sore throat. A Rapid Strep test as well as a Monospot test are negative. What do you do now?
Perform a viral load
Define Aids
CD4 Count <200 cells or one of the opportunistic infections found on slide 27
Define prophylaxis
Treatment used to stop an infection from happening
How long is antiviral treatment given to someone who has had exposure to HIV?
4 weeks
What is the longest that you should wait to give someone antiviral medication if they are exposed to HIV?
Less than 72 hours
When should you perform a C section if a mother has HIV
If the mom’s viral load is greater than 1000
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in AIDS patients
Pneumococcus
What are the signs/symptoms of histoplasmosis
Fever, chills, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, +/- diarrhea
What lab test is used to diagnose Histoplasmosis?
Peripheral smear
What are the 3 diseases that CMV causes?
Retinitis, Colitis, and Esophagitis
CMV retinitis has what characteristic look?
Ketchup and Mustard
What must be performed to diagnose Kaposi Sarcoma?
Biopsy
How do you diagnose PML?
Radiologic image and JCV PCR in the CSF
