Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the difference between NADPH and NADH?
The ratio of NAD+ to NADH inside the cell is high, while the ratio of NADP+ to NADPH is kept low. The role of NADPH is mostly anabolic reactions, where NADPH is needed as a reducing agent, the role of NADH is mostly in catabolic reactions, where NAD+ is needed as a oxidizing agent
why is gibbs free energy important?
it tells you if a reaction is going to be favorable or not
How do cells maintain their free energy?
by nutrients and sunlight
If we have a reaction that needs input of energy into the system for it to proceed, what type of reaction do we have?
a reaction that favors its substrate
what type of conditions doe delta G exist under?
cellular conditions
can delta G naut be positive in a spontaneous reaction?
yes, delta G naut does sign does not tell you if the reaction will be spontaneous or nonspontaneous delta G does
In biochemical pathways, a reaction was processed and the delta G was calculated and was a small number, what type of reaction occurred in the reaction?
readily reversible reaction also know as near equilibrium
A chemist noticed that the delta G was near equilibrium, which type of reaction is this?
reversible
a chemist noticed that the delta G was far from equilibrium with a negative sign, what type of reaction is this?
irreversible
which equilibrium is usually the regulatory step?
far from equilibrium
which equilibrium controls the flux of the reaction?
far from equilibrium
if delta G is large an positive what needs to happen for this reaction to proceed?
it is nonspontaneous, and it must be pushed by coupling with hydrolysis of ATP
What does ATP normally exist as?
magnesium 2
what cells require continous free energy?
osmotic, electrical, mechanical, and biosynthetic
Why does ATP have electrostatic repulsion?
there are 4 negative charges in close proximity
