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biochemistry > kreb cycle > Flashcards

kreb cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what does high energy/ high ATP tell the TCA cycle?

A

to stop

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2
Q

would increase in ATP/NADH/GTP/ Succinyl CoA inhibit or activate the TCA cycle?

A

inhibit- tells the cell to slow down because it does not need to make any more energy

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3
Q

what are the common activators of the TCA cycle?

A

calcium and ADP

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4
Q

What are the 4 regulated enzymes?

A

citrate synthetase, isocitrate dehydrogense, alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase

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5
Q

how is citrate synthatase activated?

A

by substrate availabilty

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6
Q

what inhibits citrate synthetase?

A

ATP, NADH, succinly CoA and fatty acyl CoA

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7
Q

what is citrate synthetase activated by?

A

calcium and ADP

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8
Q

what is isocitrate inhibited by?

A

ATP, NADH

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9
Q

What is isocitrate activated by?

A

ADP, Calcium

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10
Q

what is special about alph ketoglutarate?

A

it requires the same coenzymes as pyruvate dehydrogenase

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11
Q

what activates alpha KG dehydrogenase?

A

calcium

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12
Q

what inhibits alpha KG dehydrogenase?

A

ATP, GTP, NADH, and succinyl CoA

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13
Q

what activates succinate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP, inorganoc phosphate and succinate (negative feedback)

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14
Q

what inhibits succinates dehydrogenase?

A

OOA the end product

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15
Q

will the inhibition of one enzyme stop the TCA cycle completely?

A

yes

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16
Q

What does citrate inhibit in glycolysis?

A

PFK-1

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17
Q

why is citrate important for the TCA cycle?

A

it generates energy

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18
Q

how much ATP is generated in glycolysis?

A

8

19
Q

How much ATP is generated from PDH?

A

2 NADH = 2x3=6ATP

20
Q

How much ATP is generated by the TCA cycle?

A

24 (6 NADH =3x6=18 + 2 FADH2= 2x2=4) and have to multiple by two because we have 2 pyruvates

21
Q

where is FADH2 and NADH produced?

A

in the matrix

22
Q

what can produce acetyl CoA?

A

triglycerides(free fatty acid, beta oxidation), glycogen (glucose, oxidation, glyolysis), protein (amino acids, proetolysis, deamination of oxidation)

23
Q

what is the first molecule that is formed from the loss of CO2?

A

alpha keto glutarate

24
Q

what is the second molecule formed from the loss of C02?

A

Succinyl CoA

25
Q

if have a deficiency in making the enzyme that link glycolysis and the TCA cylce, what will be lost?

A

30 ATP

26
Q

if pyruvate dehydrogenase is absent what will happen?

A

pyruvate will be stuck and the TCA cycle will not be able to start

27
Q

if pyruvate dehydrogenase is absent, what is the fates of pyruvate?

A

there is an increase in lactate, alanine, no Acetyl CoA, and reduction in ATP

28
Q

what are the clinical features of pyruvate dehydrogenate dificency?

A

lactic acidosis, neurologic defects, myopathy, usually fatal at early age

29
Q

what enzymes will thiamine deficiency change?

A

alpha KG dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle and pyruvate dehydrogenase in glycolysis

30
Q

what does asernic posioning bind to and inhibit in the TCA cycle?

A

lipolic acid

31
Q

why is it bad that arsenic acid binds to lipolic acid?

A

because lipolic acid is needed for the activity of dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (e2) needed for the TCA cycle

32
Q

what result in the inhibition of dihdrolipoyl trasacetylase (E2)?

A

lactic acidodsis, neurological defects, brain and can lead to death

33
Q

what other enzyme does arsenic affect?

A

alpha KG DH and branched chain ketoacid DH

34
Q

what inhibits aconitase?

A

fluroacetate

35
Q

what are the vitamin deficiencies in the citric acid cycle?

A

niacin (B3), riboflavin (B2), thiamine (B1), panthothenate-CoA, Cobalamine

36
Q

what does malonate inhibit?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

37
Q

what is the hereditary mitochondrial diseases that has a defect in NADH dehydrogenase (ETC)?

A

leber’s hereditary optic neropathy

38
Q

what does the hereditary mitochondrial disease affect?

A

TCA, ETC, Beta ocidation of fatty acids

39
Q

what are the 2 mitocondrial myopathies going to affect?

A

oxidative wanting atp tissues, brain, heart and liver

40
Q

what are the 3 mitochondrial myopathies?

A

kearns-sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome ( mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke like episodes), MERRF syndrome ( myoclonic epilepsy; ragged red fibers)

41
Q

what is characterized as ragged red fibers?

A

mitochondrial disorders

42
Q

what can stain a mitochondrial disorder?

A

succinic dehydrogenase stain in the inner mitochondrial matrix

43
Q

what is a good mitochondrail marker?

A

succinic dehydrogenase stain

biochemistry (28 decks)

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