Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biochemistry > structure and function: carbohydrates > Flashcards

structure and function: carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

storage,structure, source of dietary fibers, major energy source, components of cellular membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the amino acid form in human?

A

L form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the sugar form in humans?

A

D form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the monomeric units of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is an example of hexoses?

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what can react with the free aldehyde or keto group ?

A

cupric ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are aldose and ketose reducing sugars?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the functional group located on the aldose and ketose?

A

aldose-carbon 1, ketose- carbon 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

detection of sugars in urine are based on what?

A

reducing properties of sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the unit type of sugars normally found in urine?

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how are aldehydes or ketones located in the sugar?

A

by there reducing properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what for of carbohydrates are manly found at the urine level?

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

after noticing the high elevation of glucose in a patients urine, the doctor concluded that the patient had, what?

A

diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the doctor wanting to test a patient to see if they had fructose present in their blood, so he asked the nurse to get a dipstick test ready, what do you think the results will be?

A

you will not be able to detect sucrose with a dipstick test it is only specific for glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the sugars that can be detected by benedicts test?

A

glucose, sucrose, fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in glycolysis, there are two intermediates, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxacetoe, what type of sugars are these?

A

aldose and ketose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

an enzyme was placed in a tube with an alpha glucose and beta glucose, which are interconvertible by mutarotation, but the enzyme only reacted with the beta glucose, why is that?

A

because even though they are interconvertible, the enzymes are specific to the beta form of the sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are epimers?

A

carbohydrates that differ in the configuration around one of the asymmetric C atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

are mannose and galactose epimers?

A

no because they are different in carbon atoms, mannose is C2 and C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are pentose sugars linked to the purine or pyrimidine base?

A

By Beta-N-glycosidic linkage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are polyols?

A

sugar alcohols

22
Q

a dipstick was used, and the doctor found that there was an elevated amount of sugar in the urine. the patient also stated that they had diabetes mellitus. which polyol is partly responsible for this disease?

A

sorbitol

23
Q

this polyol is formed when galactose in the lens in children is untreated galactosemia?

A

galactitol

24
Q

which disaccharide is beta1—>4?

A

lactose

25
Q

which disaccharide is made up of glucose and fructose?

A

sucrose

26
Q

is lactose a non reducing sugar with the beta1–>4?

A

no it is a reducing sugar, sucrose is non reducing

27
Q

which monosaccharide is a ketohexose and contains HFCS?

A

fructose

28
Q

is HFCS a diasaccharides or a monosacharide?

A

a monosaccharide

29
Q

what is the linkage of sucrose?

A

alpha1–>2

30
Q

is fructose alpha 1 —>4 ?

A

no it is a monosacharride

31
Q

the disaccharide that cosist of 2 glucose molecule is what?

A

maltose

32
Q

what is alpha1—>4 ?

A

maltose

33
Q

what is the carbohydrate that is a heteropolysaccharide?

A

GAGS (Glycosaminoglycans)

34
Q

what type of polysaccharides are starch and glycogen?

A

homopolysaccharides

35
Q

what is glycogenin?

A

it is core protein surrounded by branches of glycogen and acts as a primer for glucose

36
Q

where are alpha 1->6 and 1->4 located?

A

alpha 1->6 is located at the branches and alpha 1->4 is in the main chain

37
Q

between alpha 1->6 and 1->4 ,which one is more abundant?

A

alpha1–>4

38
Q

where do glycigen sorage disorders occur?

A

in the liver and muscles

39
Q

where is starch present?

A

in plants

40
Q

what are the characterisitics of amylose?

A

linear unbranced polymer of glucose

41
Q

what is amylopectin?

A

branched polymer of glucose

42
Q

what is the major dieatary polysaccharide?

A

starchand it is digested by salivary and pancreatic amylase

43
Q

what isthe difference between amylopectin and glycogen?

A

amylopectin hase fewer number of branches compared to glycogen

44
Q

what are examples of GAGs?

A

hyaluronic acid and heparin

45
Q

whats are GAGs made up of?

A

glucuronic acid and an amino sugar(glucosamine or galactosamine)

46
Q

how is cellulose different from starch and glycogen?

A

cellulose has BETA 1->4 linkage

47
Q

can cellulose be cleaved by an enzyme in the human gut?

A

no

48
Q

can lactase cleave cellulose?

A

no lactase can only hydrolyze the disaccharide lactose

49
Q

is sucrose a non reducing sugar?

A

yes

50
Q

is maltose a non reducing sugar?

A

no it is a reducing sugar

51
Q

how can glycosylation occur?

A

O-linked(oh group-ser/thr), N-linked(Asn),

biochemistry (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions