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604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 2 > 2.7 - Cell Mediated Immunity > Flashcards

2.7 - Cell Mediated Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

___ is the most important primary immune response

A

Dendritic cells

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2
Q

Dendritic cell function

A

Process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to T cells, especially in a primary response

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3
Q

Once T cells leave the thymus, they populate

A

Secondary lymphoid organs

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4
Q

Majority T cells express the ___ T cell receptor

A

alpha:beta receptor

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5
Q

T cells leave thymus as

A

Mature naive T cells

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6
Q

Effector cells

A

Mature naive T cell that has interacted with antigen on DC

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7
Q

Cytotoxic CD8+ location, antigen recognition, and effector action

A
  • Cytosol
  • MHC class I
  • Killing of infected cell by apoptosis (cytotoxic T cell)
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8
Q

CD4+ TH1 location, antigen recognition, and effector action

A
  • Macrophage vesicles
  • MHC class II
  • Activation of infected macrophage by cytokines
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9
Q

Class I molecules are located

A

All cell types, except RBC

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10
Q

Class II cells are located where

A

On APC (B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells)

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11
Q

What is an immature dendritic cell called?

A

Langerhans’ cells

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12
Q

Where can you find langerhans’ cells?

A

In the epithelial area of mucosal surfaces and skin

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13
Q

When do langherhans’ cells become dendritic cells?

A

When they enter the lymph node to become DC expressing B7

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14
Q

Mature DC can ___ antigens but ___ process

A

Present antigens but CAN’T process

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15
Q

Immature DC ___ process but ___ present

A

Can process but can’t present

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16
Q

T cells that don’t encounter specific antigen leave the lymph node in the ___

A

Efferent lymph

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17
Q

How do naive T cells enter the lymph node?

A

Across high endothelial venules in the cortex, in the blood or lymph

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18
Q

In the blood T cells interact w/ endothelium cells via ___ expressed by T cell and endothelium cell

A

Adhesion molecules

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19
Q

Steps for T cell entering lymph node

A
  1. T cell enters high endothelial venule (HEV)
  2. Binding of L-selectin to GlyCAM-1 and CD34 allows rolling
  3. LFA-1 is activated by chemokines
  4. LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1
  5. T cell enters lymph node between 2 endothelial cells (diapedesis)
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20
Q

What are important adhesion molecules?

A

Intergrin LFA-1 and it’s ligand ICAM-1

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21
Q

Adhesion molecules allow for what?

A

TCR to come in contact w/ the process antigen associated with the MHC

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22
Q

What are the signals involved in the activation of T cells?

A
  • Signal 1 = MHC & TCR and co-receptors CD4 or CD8
  • Signal 2 = co-stimulators B7 on APC and CD28 on the T cell
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23
Q

If the T cell recognized a self antigen, then the T cell would become ___. What does the APC not have?

A

Anergic

APC doesn’t have co-stimulator molecule (B7)

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24
Q

What does it mean if there is a co-stimulatory signal alone?

A
  • T cell didn’t recognize antigen
  • No effect on T cell
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25
Q

Once the T cell becomes anergic, what happens?

A

It will remain active b/c it may encounter a specific antigen w/ appropriate co-stimulators

26
Q

T cell + dendritic cell proliferation leads to

A

Activated T cells and memory T cells

27
Q

IL-2 receptor is called

A

CD25

28
Q

High affinity of IL-2 is the result of the IL-2 receptor formation. What is the receptor composed of?

A

gamma, beta, and alpha

29
Q

When the T cell is activated, it expressed high affinity for CD25, which interacts w/ CD25 produced by the same cell. This is called ___, which leads to

A

Autocrine effect

Leads to T cell proliferation

30
Q

General question: cytokines have what 3 types of effects on cells?

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine

31
Q

What are the 4 different types of cytokine effects on cells? Describe each one.

A
  • Pleiotropy - same cytokine can do different things
  • Redundancy - certain cytokines do the same thing
  • Synergy - 2 cytokines work together to cause effect
  • Antagonism - 1 cytokine might prevent activity of another
32
Q

What are the CD4+ T cell subsets?

A

CD4-TH1 and CD4-TH2

33
Q

Cytokines include ___ and ___

A

Lymphokines and interleukins

34
Q

CD4-THone cytokines

A

IL-2, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)

35
Q

CD4-TH2 cytokines

A

IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13

36
Q

CD4-Treg cytokines

A

TGF-beta, and IL-10

37
Q

CD4-TH1 cytokines are associated w/ ___ immune response

A

Cell mediated
- Intracellular pathogens

38
Q

CD4-TH2 cytokines are associated w/ ___ immune response

A

Humoral
- Extracellular pathogen

39
Q

CD4-Treg cytokines are associated w/ ___ immune response

A
  • downregulation of immune response
40
Q

CD4-TH17 cytokines are associated w/ ___ immune response

A

autoimmunity and inflammation

41
Q

CD4-TH17 cytokines

A

IL-17

42
Q

CD4-TH1 is inhibited by

A

IL-4 and IL-10

43
Q

CD4-TH2 is inhibited by

A

IL-12 and IFN-gamma

44
Q

Steps for CD4-TH1 killing cell

A
  1. TH1 recognizes antigen in class II and releases gamma interferon (cytokine)
  2. gamma interferon further activates macrophage, which enables it to kill the cell
45
Q

Examples of CD4 response based on how it’s activated

A

Tuberculoid leprosy (in TH1)
Lepromatous leprosy (in TH2)

46
Q

Describe tuberculoid leprosy

A
  • low infectivity
  • Granulomas and local inflammation (low antibody response)
  • normal serum immunoglobin levels
  • in TH1
47
Q

Describe lepromatous leprosy

A
  • high infectivity
  • disseminated infection
  • hypergammaglobulinemia (high conc. of antibodies don’t have affect on org.)
  • in TH2
48
Q

What are considered pro-inflammatory cytokines in TH1?

A

TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma

49
Q

What are considered pro-inflammatory cytokines overall?

A

TNF-alpha
IFN-gamma
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IL-12
IL-17

50
Q

IL-8 is known as a ___

A

Chemokine

51
Q

What do each activated TH1 cell do?

A
  • IFN-gamma = activates macrophage to destroy bacteria
  • TNF-alpha = helps diapedesis
  • IL-2 = pro-inflammatory cytokine
52
Q

CD8 T cells can produce IL-___ but may also depend on CD4-T___ production

A

IL-2
CD4-TH1 production

53
Q

Steps for activation of CD8

A
  1. stimulation of naive T cell w/ co-stimulatory signal, MHC I, TCR, antigen
  2. Proliferation from release of IL-2
  3. Differentiation
  4. Effector T cell activated, leaves lymph node to go into blood to interact w/ microorg. it’s programmed for
54
Q

Does CD8 have the co-stimulators attached once it’s turned into an effector T cell?

A

No

55
Q

NK cells kill by production of ___ and release of ___

A

production of perforin
release of granzymes

56
Q

NK cells specific or non-specific

A

Non-specific

57
Q

What does perforin do?

A

Polymerizes to form a pore in target membrane
- allows protein into cell

58
Q

What does granzymes do?

A
  • activate apoptosis in cytoplasm of target cell
  • perforin allows granzymes in
59
Q

Why don’t you do cell lysis w/ CD8 cells?

A

b/c you won’t want contents to be released into cell and infect it

60
Q

CD8 ___ granules after killing first cell and moves on to kill another

A

regenerates

604 Immuno/Microbio - Exam 2 (5 decks)

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