27 - Cell Signaling and Cell Adhesion

Question 1

Where are cell-adhesion molecules important?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the types of epithelial cell junctions?

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe cadherins. What are they used for? Where are they found? Why are they important?

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe selectin. What are they used for? Where are they found? Why are they important?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the immunoglobulin superfamily? What are they important for? Where are they found?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are integrins? What are they used for? Where are they found? Why are they important?

Answer 6

Question 7

What diseases are associated with integrin defects?

Answer 7

Question 8

How are leukocytes recruited in acute imflammation?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and how does it relate to cadherins in tumorigenesis?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is pemphigus?

Answer 10

Question 11

What are other diseases associated with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Answer 11

Question 12

How do signal molecules bind to their receptors?

Answer 12

Question 13

What types of molecules act as signals?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are second messengers? What are some common examples?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are common shared steps in signaling pathways?

Answer 15

Question 16

How is a signaling process terminated? What methods are most common?

Answer 16

Question 17

What are the 3 major classes of cell-surface receptor proteins?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is a GPCR? What is the mechanism of how GPCRs work? What are some well-known diseases associated with GPCRs?

Answer 18

Question 19

What are 3 potential downstream pathways of GPCR?

Answer 19

Question 20

What are the common families of G-proteins and which pathways are they used in?

Answer 20

Question 21

What hormons are important in cAMP mediated cell response?

Answer 21

Question 22

What other molecules can G-proteins signal with?

Answer 22

Question 23

What are the 5 most common classification of enzyme-coupled (catalytic) receptors?

Answer 23

Question 24

How is a a signal transduced in RTKs (RAS pathway)?

Answer 24

Question 25

How is a signal transduced in RTKs [insulin receptor-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway]?

Answer 25

Question 26

What are some major ligans of RTKs and what is the response generated from binding of that ligand?

Answer 26

Question 27

How is a signal transduced by Serine/threonine kinase receptors (TGF-β/Smad pathway)?

Answer 27

Question 28

How is a signal transduced by tyrosine kinase associated receptors (Jak/Stat pathway)?

Answer 28

Question 29

Which receptors activate the Jak-Stat signaling pathway?

Answer 29

Question 30

Is there any overlap in the major signaling pathways we discussed?

Answer 30

Question 31

What type of receptor is a nuclear receptor? What is the mechanism of a nuclear receptor?

Answer 31

intracellular receptor/transcription factor initiated. Conformational change iinduced by ligand binding for transcription induction.

Question 32

What are some popular ligands of nuclear receptors?

Answer 32

Question 33

What are some alternative signaling pathways in gene regulation?

Answer 33