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🌍Geography > 💚27 Migration > Flashcards

💚27 Migration Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Define push factors

A

Considerations that cause people to leave a region known as the donor region.

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2
Q

Define pull factors

A

Considerations that draw ppl to a region known as reciever/host region

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3
Q

Define migration

A

The long term movement of ppl from one place to another

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4
Q

What are some barriers to migration

A

Financial- Costs of travel,resettling
Legal-Visas/work permits denied
Personal-Family ties

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5
Q

Name some push factors

A

Overpopulation (Sahel)
Conflict (Syria)
Natural Disasters/Famine (Darfur)
Lack of Services (India)
Poor Economic Opportunities (Mezzogiorno)

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6
Q

Name some pull factors

A

Underpopulation (Canada)
Freedom from Persecution (Europe)
Range of Services (Galway)
Higher Incomes/Standard of living (Brussles)
Highly Developed Economies (Paris)

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7
Q

Define Emigration

A

Moving out of a place

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8
Q

Define Immigration

A

Moving into a place

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9
Q

Define international Migration

A

Moving to another country

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10
Q

Define internal migration

A

Movement within ones country

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11
Q

Define Internally Displaced Person

A

A person who has been forced to move from their home to a safe location within their own country.

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12
Q

Define Rural to Urban Migration

A

Moving from a Rural Area to a city

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13
Q

Define Counter-Urbanisation

A

Movement from urban areas to rural areas

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14
Q

Define forced migration

A

Governments force people to move (e.g. Jewish people in World War Il) or war, famine and political unrest push people out (e.g. the Syrian civil war).

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15
Q

Define Voluntary Migration

A

Choice to move is made by the migrant

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16
Q

Define remittances

A

Money sent by migrants to their home country

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17
Q

POSITIBE socio-economic impacts of Migration on DONOR regions

A

Saftey Valve- Reduces no.of unemployed ppl, Migrants send remittances

Resources-Overpop triggers migration, outmovement relives pressure on resources

Skills-Migrants may return with new skills

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18
Q

NEGATIVE socio-economic impacts of Migration on DONOR regions

A

Gender Imbalance- Female migrants outnumber male in Europe, opposite for Africa/West Asia. Marriage rates and changes in pop. Structure

Quality of Life Sport and recreation activities suffer. Loss of members

Brain Drain- Skilled graduates leave

Depopulation Abandoned homes,farms and loss of economic activities

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19
Q

POSITIVE socio-economic impacts of Migration on HOST regions

A

Cultural Enrichment- Society enhanced

Labour Shortages solved- Workers can contribute to diff economic activities and enable economic growth

Migrant Spending- VVAT and Income Taxes boost Govt Revenues

Migrant Entrepreneurs-Create employment, build trade links w country of origin

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20
Q

NEGATIVE socio-economic impacts of Migration on HOST regions

A

Birth Rates- Among migrants tend to b higher, pressure on maternity services.

Social Services- Place extra demands eg housing, social welfare

Cultural and Religious Tension- Discrimination, racism, lack of integration policies

Undercutting of Wage Rates- Migrants prepared to work for less. Tension

Reliance on migrant workers

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21
Q

Define Recession

A

A period when economic activity declines

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22
Q

Define net migration

A

No. of ppl coming into a country minus no. of ppl going out

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23
Q

Positive Net migration definition

Study These Flashcards
A

More ppl are entering a country than leaving

24
Q

Negative net migration definition

Study These Flashcards
A

More ppl are leaving a country than entering

25
Changing Migration Patterns Ireland. PG 462 pls read xx
1950s- High Emigration 1960s- Inward migration, Emi decreased 1970s-Net migration increase to 104k, recession 1980s-Skilled workers Emigrated 1990s-Unemployment declined, labour shortages 2004-150k Immigrants some returning Irish back home 2007-Celtic Tiger, Inward Migration 104k 2008-Recession. Unemployment Increase,Outward Migration 2012-2016: Unemployment decrease as economy recovered a bit 2017-1st Positive net migration since 2009 2017-2018: Highest positive net migration since 2008
26
Positive Socio Economic Impacts of Ireland As a Host region
Skilled Multilingual Workers-Construction boom, solved labour shortagess Government revenue-Income Tax,Vat Purchasing Power-Growth in economy Fill Employment Gaps- Increase Population-Maintains services Cultural Diversity-Ethnic shops
27
Negative Socio Economic Impacts of Ireland as a. Host country
Remmitances-Loss of money in economy Attitudes Towards Migrants-Seen as competition Pressure on Services-High birth rate,maternity services Terror Attacks-Security services Ppl Trafficing-Increased,organised crime Integration-Language support teachers etc. , strain on resources Government-Higher costs, translating leaflets, court translators Increase in Racism- Exploitation-Of workers that lack english skills and knowledge of their rights Education-Limits schools cuz of catholic church schools
28
Define People Trafficing
The use of force or deception in moving migrants to countries where they can be exploited for labour (e.g. sex trade).
29
Rural to Urban Migration IReland Socio Economic Impacts on donor regions
Mayo/Leitrim affected by rural depop. Migration tends to be age selective impacting pop. structure Dependency ratio increased Decline In birth rates Brain drain, skilled workers move away, lack of skilled labour force Abandoned homes,farms, closure of schools Reduced Local purchasing power, businesses close down Public Transport reduced or discontinued
30
Rural to Urban Migration IReland Socio Economic Impacts on Host areas
Age selective population increase- change in pop. structure Higher Birth rates due to age selective migration Increasing pressure on services Increased demand for housing causes ppl to move to surrounding counties where homes are cheaper-> urban sprawl Lack of proper public transport=car dependency= traffic congestion Labour pool attracts industry Increased demand for housing results in higher rents and housing shortages
31
Define Megacity
: A very large city with a population in excess of 10 million people.
32
Rural To Urban Migration in Developing world india Socio economic impacts on rural areas
Rural Depopulation-Mostly men Population Structure Changes -children forced child labour,school attendance affected,no hope for future Pattern of migration-all fam leaves
33
Rural To Urban Migration in Developing world india Socio economic impacts on urban area
Kolkata-Chp22+30 Mumbai-Chp26 Overcrowding Crime Violence towards migrants Poor health Poor sanitation Lack of clean water Lack of employment Exploitation of workers Lack of electricity Air pollution Traffic congestion
34
What do EU migration policies aim to do
Manage legal immigration to address labour and skills shortages Control irregular immigration Deal with refugees and asylum seekers
35
What is EEA and what countries are in it
European Economic Area All EU states, Norway Liechtenstein and Iceland
36
What is the EU Blue Card Scheme immigration policy
Ireland Denmark Uk dont participate Aims to attract professionals and highly qualified workers from outside EU Must have valid work contract for highly qualified employment for at least a year Card holders have free movement within the Schengen area and are offered to bring their fam
37
What are irelands immigratipn policies Critical Skills Emplpyment permit
They have 9 diff permit types Critical Skills Employment Permit=aimed at attracting skilled migrants to ireland Must secure a 2year job offer with minimum salary of 60k. Must be on the Highly skilled Eligible OccupationsList
38
What is the Highly Skilled Eligible Occupations List
This list describes occupations that are of vital importance to our economy but are in short supply within the labour market (e.g. radiographers, midwives).
39
Define refugee
A person who crosses an international border to escape from persecution, violence or conflict.
40
Define Asylum Seeker
A person who is awaiting determination of refugee status.
41
Define frontline countries
Countries where asylum seekers first arrive (eg Italy)
42
How does an asylum seeker become a regugee
Must apply to EU Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
43
What processes applications for asylum seekers in Ireland
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OFFICE
44
Eurpoean Migrant Crisis
2015 more than 1.2mil applied for asylum in EU. Frontline countries (greece,italy) became responsible for dealing w them under the Dublin Regulation putting huge strain on services Three main routes they took: Eastern Mediterranean Central Mediterranean Western Mediterranean
45
Define Migrant Smuggling
Illegal movement of ppl accross borders purely for profit
46
Impacts of The European amigrant Crisis
Some countries temporarily reinstalled border control threatening free movement under the Schengen Agreement (Hungary) Many are apposed to being forced to accept refugee quotas (Slovakia) Support for Right wing political parties opposed to migration has increased
47
Responses to the European Migrant Crisis
rescued Mediterranean migrants sent to control centres, then to other countries, relieving pressure on frontline countries Ash centres, genuine, asylum seekers, allocated and resettles. Two countries, irregular migrants, returned to their country of origin. Investment in sub-Saharan Africa to reduce push factor Reform of EU asylum policy is needed 
48
Define ethnic
Sharing a common and distinctive culture language or religion
49
Define xenophobia
Fear or hatred of people from other countries or cultures
50
Define salad bowl
All the cultures maintain their individual traits just like in a salad
51
Define melting pot
Ppl of diff ethnic backgrounds gradually blend together forming a single society
52
Define far right
Political terminology for extremely conservative and nationalist views Nazis
53
Define radicalisation
individuals or groups, adopts, extreme political, religious or social beliefs and use extreme methods to have these adapted 
54
define Islamophobia
I dislike or fear of anyone who is a follower of Islam 
55
Ethnic Issues Arosing from migration
• Migrants bring own language, culture, traditions, religion • Attempts to integrate - melting pot or multicultural/salad bowl • USA - dual Spanish and English signs facilitate Mexican immigrants - objections • Mounting tensions between natives and migrants - build a wall (USA); border fences (Europe) • Failure of integration policies - marginalisation (France, Belgium) • Ethnic tensions within migrant groups - gang violence
56
Racial Issues Arising from Migration
• Racial profiling • Security risks by certain groups - discriminatory policing • Racially-based employment discrimination • Sport - rise in racist taunts • Europe - growing support for far-right politics • USA - white supremacist movements, e.g. Ku Klux Klan • Political parties and govt forced to adopt policies to limit migration
57
Religious Issues Arising from migration
• Migrants - religion part of cultural identity; Western Europe - increasingly secular • Lack of integration - radicalisation, violence • Terror attacks - growing Islamophobia • Religious dress code - issues • Conflicts between migrants of different sects • USA travel ban - religious discrimination • Migrants to Middle East must conform to strict Islamic rules

🌍Geography (13 decks)

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