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Health Assessment > Ears Asessment > Flashcards

Ears Asessment Flashcards

0
Q

The middle ear acts as a?

A

Volume dampener to protect the inner ear

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1
Q

External Ear

A

Auricle or pinna
Made up of flexible cartilage and skin
Design is to guide sound waves into meatus of external auditory canal

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2
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Conduit that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and allows for pressure regulation of the middle ear

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3
Q

Inner ear is responsible for?

A

Translation of sound to cranial nerve VII which transmit it to the brain stem

Only section responsible for vestibular function

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4
Q

Organ of corti

A

Transfers the signal into electrical impulses for the auditory nerve

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5
Q

Sound is perceived in two ways

A

Air conduction and bone conduction, compromise in either causes hearing loss

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6
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Occurs when sound wave transmission through the external or middle ear is disrupted

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7
Q

Sensorimotor hearing loss

A 
Results from a problem somewhere beyond the middle ear 
Sites of dysfunction:
Cochlea
Organ or corti
Auditory nerve
Auditory cortex
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8
Q

Presbycusis

A

Results from gradual degeneration of of nerves and sensory hair cells of the organ of corti
Can be from aging or ototoxic drugs

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9
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of buzzing or ringing in one or both ears that does not correspond with external sound

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10
Q

Illness in the labyrinth can cause

A

Loss of equilibrium and sense of vertigo

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11
Q

Menier’s disease

A

Vertigo, sever nausea and vomiting, exacerbation so that can last up to 24 hours

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12
Q

Vertigo is pregnant women can result from?

A

Increased vascularity and edema

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13
Q

Infants and children are susceptible to?

A

Otitis media,

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14
Q

Infants and children’s Eustachian tube is different how?

A

Shorter, wider and more horizontal

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15
Q

In children, Enlarged adenoids related to nasal allergies often obstruct?

A

Outlets for the eustachian tube to drain

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16
Q

Otis media can cause?

A

Severe discomfort, difficulty feeding, sleeping, and general fussiness and rarely causes hearing loss
Normal for fluid to remain in ears for three months

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17
Q

Repeated infections or persistent middle ear effusion causes?

A

Temporary conductive earring loss which can delay onset or advancement of speech

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18
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Common conductive hearing loss in older adults resulting from slow fusion of any combination of the ossicles in the middle ear

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19
Q

Presbycusis

A

Loss of higher pitch sounds, garbled or mumbled speech

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20
Q

Immediate attention for ear problems

A

Button battery in ear canal, foul smelling drainage, ear trauma, sudden hearing loss

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21
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Abnormal accumulation of squamous epithelium within the middle ear

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22
Q

Common ear symptoms

A

Hearing loss
Vertigo
Tinnitus
Otalgia

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23
Q

Whisper test

A

Evaluates for loss of high frequency sounds. Have patient cover opposite ear. Whisper a simple sentence from 18” back, have pt repeat sentence

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24
Q

Weber’s test

A

Helps to differentiate the cause of unilateral hearing loss

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25
Q

Placement of external ear on the skull in infants

A

Superior portion of the pinna should be congruent with the outer canthus of the eye

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26
Q

Weber’s test

A

Helps to differentiate the cause of unilateral hearing loss

place tuning fork on midline of parietal bone

27
Q

Macrotia

A

Excessive enlargement of the auricle; usually congenital

28
Q

Microtia

A

Small or deformed auricle that may be associated with a blind or absent auditory canal

29
Q

Edematous ears

A

External ear canal that is swollen with inflammation or infection

30
Q

Cartilage staphylococcus

A

Painful reddened ear usually surrounds incisions, piercings, area of traumatic injury

31
Q

Carcinoma on auricle

A

Common site of carcinoma
Related to sun exposure
Either basal cell or squamous cell rumors

32
Q

Cyst

A

Sac or pouch with membranous lining filled with fluid or solid material

33
Q

Tophi

A

Uric acid crystals associated with gout, may appear as hard nodules on ear

34
Q

External Otis

A

Inflammatory and infectious discharge in external ear canal

35
Q

TM rupture

A 
To rupture a non intact TM 
Clear, purulent or bloody discharge 
Hearing loss
Buzzing 
Ear pain
36
Q

Acute Otis media

A

Acute infection in middle ear

Sudden onset
Fever and pain
Fluid may be in middle ear
Can be viral or bacterial

37
Q

Tympanostomy tube

A

Indicated for chronic Otis media and it’s complications

38
Q

Most common hearing test in primary care offices and schools are done with a device called?

A

audiometer: headphone and box that delivers tones in different frequencies

39
Q

Special considerations for older adults?

A

cartilage and skin around the external ear may be less pliable
stiff hairs in the ear canal
TM may seem more opaque and less mobile

40
Q

Abnormal findings for infants and children

A

Lack of moro reflex
inability to locate sound
lack of understandable language by 24 months

41
Q

If a child has a tympanostomy tubes placed, the tube should be in the?

A

Inferior portion of the TM with the lumen of the tube patent

42
Q

Failure of Romberg’s test may indicate dysfunction in the?

A

vestibular portion of the ear, semicircular canals, and vestibule

43
Q

The most accurate way to evaluate hearing is by?

A

Audiogram

44
Q

Signs of external otis

A

redness, swelling of external auditory canal, and discharge

45
Q

Conductive hearing loss on one side may indicate?

A

external or middle ear disease

46
Q

Patients with conductive hearing loss should have an assessment of?

A

auricle and external auditory canal to look for blockage

47
Q

TM is assessed to ensure?

A

no middle ear abnormality or TM perforation

48
Q

pain with auricle movement or tragus palpitation indicates?

A

otitis externa or furunucle

49
Q

Otalgia usually indicates?

A

ear dysfunction, most commonly otitis media or otitis externa

50
Q

Severe pain followed by drainage indicates?

A

ruptured TM

51
Q

pain in the ear can be referred to?

A

pharynx

52
Q

Children who frequently have otitis media are at risk for?

A

TM rupture, scarring and hearing loss

53
Q

Risk factors

A

age, gender, hereditary, family history, lifestyle choices, environmental

54
Q

Nonverbal cues for hearing loss

A

leaning forward, positioning head for “good ear”, concentrating on lip movement instead of eye contact, mumbling answers, giving answers not congruent with questions, asking to repeat questions frequently, responding with loud voice, monotone conversational voice

55
Q

Patients with ear trauma also need evaluation for injury to surrounding structures, which include?

A

brain injury, basilar skull fracture, neck injury

56
Q

hemotympanum, otorrhea or TM rupture may indicate?

A

barotrauma from pressure changes or basilar skull fracture

57
Q

cholesteatoma

A

abnormal accumulation of squamous epithelium in the middle ear-growth can erode auditory ossicles and cause damage to patient’s hearing

58
Q

Patients with foul smelling ear drainage, try to wick the fluid from the external ear with?

A

cotton wick or wisp of cotton

60
Q

Grey to white cerumen is often mistaked as?

A

eczema

61
Q

The middle ear acts as a perfect reservoir because?

A

it is dark, warm and moist

62
Q

Semicircular canals and vestibules provide the body with?

A

equilibrium and proprioception, contains specialized cells for sensing position

63
Q

symptoms of Menier’s disease

A

vertigo with severe nausea and vomiting

64
Q

People with hearing loss are at risk for?

A

depression, decreased satisfaction with life, reduced functional health, withdrawal from social activities

65
Q

four openings to the middle ear

A

TM
Cochlear window
oval window
eustachian tube

Health Assessment (11 decks)

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