272 animism

Question 1

animism

Answer 1

all of life is animated (alive)

Question 2

humans in comparison to rest of creation

Answer 2

• a part of creation, not sun of or most important
• all has life/spirit, humans just have more

Question 3

totemism

Answer 3

humans have a bond with animals

Question 4

totem 4

Answer 4

• animal linked to people with a spiritual bond
• ex being bear clan bc of bear’s strength
• totems disposed toward their people and vice versa, and won’t hurt each other but protects each other
• may use euphemism for name

Question 5

totemic objects

Answer 5

if totem animal naturally dies, can take objects for protection, strength, manna

Question 6

vision question 2

Answer 6

• at coming of age, you go on your own to prove you can live off of land
• looks for power animal (personal totem) which is special to you and not shared with anyone

Question 7

characteristics of animism 4

Answer 7

• holism
• spiritual
• mythical
• rhythmical

Question 8

holism

Answer 8

everything from birth to death and beyond is connected, can not be separated

Question 9

mythical 2

Answer 9

• no specific founding date or person
• ethnocentric, complex creation myths

Question 10

rhythmical

Answer 10

• rites of passage - to cross a threshold from which you can’t return

Question 11

mana 3

Answer 11

• impersonal source of power
• not to be worshipped
• want. to accumulate it so it can help you

Question 12

cannibalism 4

Answer 12

• sacred, only happens under special circumstances
• would cannibalize someone from other tribe to take their mana
• often eat small parts of brain or liver
• keep skulls/bones of cannibalized and natural deaths to honour, curved poles constructed if cannibalized by other trip

Question 13

creator god

Answer 13

• impersonal or difficult to know, not interaction on day-to-day basis

Question 14

offended spirits 4

Answer 14

• spirits who had violent, untimely (before marriage, no descendents), or unnatural deaths
• punish breeches of tradition or tabus or any failure to honour ancestors or spiritual beings
• could be vengeful cannibalized people
• could be people of bodies never found, no proper funeral

Question 15

honoured ancestors

Answer 15

good spirits

Question 16

living dead 4

Answer 16

• bodiless spirits
• porous barrier to living and living dead
• good ones rejoin the unborn to rejoin the living
• bad ones go to dead dead when no one remembers them

Question 17

legendary greats 3

Answer 17

• no one knows them personally,
• but aspire to live like them,
• founders of community

Question 18

4 types of tabus

Answer 18

things you can’t eat, touch, see, say

Question 19

universal tabu

Answer 19

incest

Question 20

magic 3

Answer 20

• controlling, coercive, forceful through spells
• seeks to dominate the supernatural
• human-initiated and centred

Question 21

religion (in contrast to magic) 3

Answer 21

• gains favour through supplicative prayer
• seeks to influence the supernatural
• deity-centred

Question 22

3 kinds of magic

Answer 22

fetishistic, shammanistic, popular/folk

Question 23

fetishistic magic

Answer 23

based around a fetish (object)

Question 24

shammanistic magic 3

Answer 24

• inlivens a person
• shaman powerful, has ability to do the supernatural and connect wit the unseen
• spirits go upon person, possessed person is willing (for strength, help, status, power)

Question 25

popular/folk magic 2

Answer 25

- everybody has access to it - use regular intelligence alongside spirituality

Question 26

shaman vs priest characteristics 5

Answer 26

- ecstatic vs non-ecstatic - self-validated vs office-validated - part time vs full time - male or female vs mostly male - serves ind'ls vs serves large groups

Question 27

2 types of shamans

Answer 27

witch doctor and sorcerer

Question 28

witch doctor 2

Answer 28

- tries to help those who are bewitched - known to go to for help

Question 29

sorcerer 3

Answer 29

- works against leadership - does evil - not known to community

Question 30

ecstatic 3

Answer 30

- transstates (in a trance) - claims to have answers directly from deity - God -> humans

Question 31

non-ecstatic 3

Answer 31

- don't claim to be possessed - don't claim to have direct answers - human -> God, reaches up to deity to ask for answers

Question 32

shamans self-validated

Answer 32

- if what they do works, they have authority, power, validation

Question 33

office validation 3

Answer 33

- support of group (ecclesia) - some sort of qualification - if what they do does not work, still stood by by people

Question 34

fecundity

Answer 34

ability to conceive and reproduce, connected to shamans able to be part time and women

Question 35

sin and the afterlife 3

Answer 35

- animism does not have theological sin against god - rather, it has social sin - to go against community, neighbour - afterlife more linked to being remembered than sin

Question 36

positives of animism 5

Answer 36

- holistic - connection to spiritual ancestors - spirituality should connect to and prosper community - how sin affects community - respect for creation