judaism Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
main symbol
A
menorah
2
Q
4 founders
A
abraham, moses, david, ezra
3
Q
abraham 4
A
- called to move from polytheism and monotheism
- founder of people group
- born in ur, along euphrates
- receives promise of land (abrahamic covt)
4
Q
women in early history 4
A
- equal before God in creation, land stewardship, and responsibility for sin
- central to community life
- property like a precious heirloom, honouring
- powerful decision makers in the family
5
Q
moses 5
A
- born into hebrew family, raised as egyptian royalty, sided with family and heritage
- called to move from slavery to freedom
- mediator of plagues
- receives revelation of God’s personal name
- receives 10 commandments
6
Q
david 6
A
- 2nd king of israel
- called to move from tribal community to nation
- military conqueror
- establishes jerusalem (city of peace) as capita
- brings golden era of jewish statehood, extends influence of israel to greatest limits
- man after God’s own heart
7
Q
division of kd
A
10 tribes of north = israel
2 tribes of south = jud
8
Q
assyrian exile 3
A
- control through assimilation
- conquered israel
- they came back as impure samaritans
9
Q
babylonian exile 4
A
- conquered through reservation
- conquered judah
- came back as judea and galilee provinces (pure)
- synagogues, studying, rabbis, and scribes emerge
10
Q
ezra 7
A
- priest and scribe
- developed self to study, observe, and teach law
- established synagogues
- founds great synagogue (precursor of sanhedrin)
- reforms hebrew writing
- authors many ot books
- settles ot canon
11
Q
hellenistic kds 2
A
- after alex the great, kd broke into seleucus and ptolemy, israel in middle so left alone
- antiochus iv of seleuces kd wanted to control jerusalem temple and be worshipped there, defiles temple
12
Q
maccabeas 3
A
- matthias and judas and the hasidim revolted against antiochus iv
- rededication of temple hannuka - manura candle, miracle of oil
- legacy of hasmonean family (led to herod the great)
13
Q
roman empire 5
A
- herod and herodians appointed by rome to rule
- herod the great’s personal life bad, but nation prospered under rule, built cities, palaces, theaters, temple (just to keep people happy)
- revolts and hope for messiah strong
- jochanan ben zakkai
- christianity and judaism break in ace 90
14
Q
jochanan ben zakkai 2
A
- founds rabbinical school in jamnia
- started setting dates for festivals, begins growth of modern day judaism
15
Q
constantine conversion
A
- judaism not made illegal, but difficult to practice bc Constantine accused them of killing Jesus
16
Q
muslim conquests 3
A
- at first good for Jews, as muslims regard jews as people of the book (torah)
- got worse with crusades
- crusades started with taxes on pilgrimage, economic reasons under religious guise
17
Q
western influences 3
A
- rising importance of scholarship and study
- solomon ben isaac (rashi)
- persecution and dispersions (blamed for plagues, blood libel, poisoning wells, but led to banks and wealth)
18
Q
division of european jews 2
A
- ashkenazi - german, speak yiddish, torah laid flat
- sephardic - spanish, ladino language, torah upright
19
Q
rise of humanism 4
A
- disillusionment with messianism
- baruch spinoza forges turning point, says he will sees to be jewish without converting to anything else - called a humanist
- increasing migrations to american to be someone without religious identity
- seperation of church and state in america led to socio-political involvement
20
Q
rise of zionism 2
A
- theodore herzl started movement - wanted nation for homeland
- in 1948, un established homeland in. israel
21
Q
jewish writings 3
A
- torah - teachings
- talmund - study/learning
- responsa
22
Q
torah 4
A
- given to moses on sinai
- 10 cs and 613 other laws
- oral torah (said to Moses but not written) also important
- torah scrolls ever thrown out
23
Q
talmund 3
A
- like a theology textbook
- includes mishnah - commentary on law
- and gemera - commentary on mishnah
24
Q
responsa 3
A
- from rashi in middle ages to present
- discussions of possible practical rulings based on now ancient laws
- commentary on 4 sides, discussed, and more commentary added on
25
monotheism 3
- the shema "hear or israel the LORD our God is one"
- mathematical one
- said at birth and death, frames whole life
26
primacy of law 3
- torah systematically read once each year, simchat torah annual celebration when starting in gen again
- tenach only thing God-inspired bc prophetic revelation ended with Ezra
- now don't need more scripture, need more obedience
27
Jesus 4
- good man and Jew, but not a saviour
- patriotic leader, but not of universal significance
- teacher, but not greater than others
- defeated, frail human, not omnipotent Lord
28
afterlife 2
- no dogmatic teachings
- folklore - abe at gates of hell, won't let circumcised jews in
29
women in talmudic times 2
- seen to be gullible, talkers, easily persuaded, not taught torah
- but, seen as compassionate, influential in household, glory in raising children to be godly and their first teachers
30
women today
- wide range of responsibility, same roles of men, taught torah
- reformed have bats mitsvas for girls
31
branches 6
ultra-orthodox/hasidic, orthodox, conservative, reformed, liberal, zionist
32
founding of reformed 3
- late 1700s, western europe
- influenced by industrial revolution and enlightenment
- bringing judaism to modern era
33
founding of orthodox 3
- early 1800s, Eastern europe
- responding to reformers, wants to stick to tradition
- smallest group, but most vocal
34
conservative founding 3
- mid1800s, usa
- largest group
- out of response to both groups, meeting in middle with tradition and innovation
35
reformed view on scripture
- great teaching, but a human document
36
orthodox view on scripture
divinely inspired
37
conservative view on scripture
Scripture inspires in its day, but now it needs further interpretation to be relevant. to modern era
38
reformed view on God
impersonal, if he even exists
39
orthodox view on God
God is transcendent/above, not close
40
conservative view on God
- God is ineffeble/unknowable
41
reformed view on humankind
humans are naturally good, have moral capacity
42
orthodox view on humankind
humans are morally neutral (eve curious, not selfish)
43
conservative view on humankind
humans are basically good
44
reformed view on sin
the ills of society
45
ortho view on sin
- breaking law, espec 10 c
46
conserv view on sin
ills of indl (you're responsibility for what you do, but not necessarily an afront to God)
47
reformed view on salvation
reversing the ills of society
48
ortho view on salvation
obeying the law, prayer, good works
49
conserve view on salvation
work towards betterment of self and society, espec in local jewish community
50
reformed view on messiah
looking towards utopian age to come, world will get better by our effort
51
ortho view on messiah
a real person to come, but not expecting divinity, but a superhuman world leader
52
conservative view on messiah
Jewish people coming to rulership in the world
53
reformed view on synagogues 3
can have female rabbis, vernacular language, musical instruments
54
ortho view on synagogues 4
men and women sit separately, Hebrew spoken, rabbi speaks forward (to God as audience), no musical instruments
55
conserve view on synagogues 2
- part in vernacular part in hebrew, no instruments
56
private practice 3
home, sabbath, food laws
57
mezuzah
doorpost to mark house, gives blessing
58
sabbath practice 5
- lighting candles to mark beginning (womens job)
- calenders used to indicate time it begins (or 3 stars)
- no work - 39 categories
- 4 meals rep abe, isaac, jacob, david
- orthos must live one km from synaogue, bc can't walk more than that
59
corporate practice - synagogues 2
- place for scripture study
- scripture centre of service
60
cantor 4
- leads synagogue services
- usually from local congregation
- may obtain position through heredity
- in charge of readings, sings/chants scripture
61
role of rabbi 6
- main teacher and preacher at synagogue services
- conducts rites of passage
- liases with non-jewish community
- judges intra-synagoge disputes
- often external to congregation
- studied theology
62
dress 3
kippahs/yarmakes
tallith
phylacteries/tefillin
63
kippahs/yarmakes
- to cover mens heads, sign of giving God authority over life
64
tallith 3
- prayer shawls to prevent distraction
- 10 stripes for 10 cs
- 613 fringes for laws
65
phylacteries/tefillin 3
- small leather box on forehead and arm at heart
- contains scripture, often abe covt
- at head and heart to show both intellect and emotion governed by God
66
bar/matmitzvahs 3
- son/daughter of the commandment
- entrance into society - can vote
- learn Hebrew in advance, then read a passage in Hebrew and shortly preach on it
67
communal practice 3
feasts, festivals, fasts
68
feasts
- almost 1 per month
- 3 most important are passover, pentecost, tabernacles (devout try to celebrate in Jerusalem)
69
passover 3
- spring
- commemorates exodus from egypt
- eat symbolic goof
70
pentecost 2
- 50 days after passover
- commemorates recieving of law at sinai
71
tabernacles 3
- autumn
- commemorates wilderness wanderings and entry to promised land
- try to live outside in tents
72
fetivals 2
- hannakuh
- rosh hashanah
73
rosh hashanah 5
- new year
- september
- concludes with yom kippur
- commemorates creation of adam and eve
- new spiritual beginning after reflecting on if you've lived righteously that year and asking God's forgivness, reconciling with others
74
Yom Kippur 3
- 24 complete fast
- atonement, sin covered over
- solemn entrance to new year
75
baruch spinonza
started humanist movement
