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AP Psychology > Social Psychology > Flashcards

Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Attribution Theory

A

suggests how we explain someone’s behavior

-we credit the situation or the person’s personality

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2
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

For negative events, we attribute others’ behavior to their disposition, but our behavior to the situation

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3
Q

Foot-in-the-door

A

a compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request

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4
Q

Door-in-the-face

A

a compliance tactic that involves first making an extremely large request that the respondent will obviously turn down followed by making a second, more reasonable request.

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5
Q

Low-ball

A

a compliance tactic that involves first gaining closure and commitment to the idea you want the person to accept and then changing the agreement to make it more appealing to you

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6
Q

Ingratiation

A

a compliance tactic that involves getting someone to like you in order to obtain a compliance with a request

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7
Q

Value

A

a principle, standard, or quality considered worthwhile or desirable

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8
Q

Attitude

A

a belief or feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to something

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9
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

occurs when a person holds two or more attitudes that contradict one another

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10
Q

Role Playing

A

can affect attitudes

can cause you to strive to follow social prescriptions, which then may make you adopt those attitudes

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11
Q

Central Route to Persuasion

A

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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12
Q

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

A

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

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13
Q

Social Norms

A

unwritten but understood rules for accepted and expected behavior

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14
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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15
Q

Normative Influence

A

resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disappointment

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16
Q

informational influence

A

resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions

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17
Q

Obedience

A

occurs when you change your opinions, judgments, or actions because someone in a position of authority told you to

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18
Q

Passionate Love

A

an aroused of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of the relationship

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19
Q

Companionate Love

A

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
-Equity -Self disclosure

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20
Q

Stereotype

A

“set type”: a general belief about a group of people

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21
Q

Prejudice

A

“pre judge”: an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members based on stereotypes you have about them

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22
Q

Discrimination

A

“action”: unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

23
Q

Ingroup Bias

A

tendency to favor one’s own group

24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

the emotional attitude to one’s own race, nation, or culture is superior to all others

25
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A

theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

26
Q

Just-World-Phenomenon

A

the belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

27
Q

Other-Race Effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

28
Q

Aggression

A

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

29
Q

Aggression: Genetic influences

A
  • hereditary

- Y chromosome is associated with aggression

30
Q

Aggression: Neural influences

A
  • Amygdala

- Brain injuries

31
Q

Aggression: Biochemical Influences

A
  • Hormones, alcohol, other substances

- testosterone

32
Q

Frustration-Aggression Principle

A

frustration creates anger which unleashes aggression

33
Q

Aggression: Psychological Influences

A
  • aggression is rewarding, bullying
  • ostracism, columbine
  • can be learned by observing, GTA
34
Q

Altruism

A

the unselfish regard for others’ welfare

35
Q

Social Exchange Theory

A

we help if it will benefit us somehow

36
Q

Social Responsibility Norm

A

expectation that we help those dependent on us

37
Q

Reciprocity Norm

A

we help those who have helped us (giving gift norms)

38
Q

Bystander Effect

A

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

39
Q

Attraction factors

A
  1. Proximity
  2. Similarity
  3. Physical attractiveness
40
Q

Mere Exposure Effect

A

repeated exposure to stimuli increases liking for them

41
Q

Male Standards of beauty

A

symmetrical face, square jaw, .9 waist to hip ratio

42
Q

Female Standards of beauty

A

young, symmetrical faces, small noses, big eyes and lips, .7 waist to hip ratio

43
Q

Social facilitation

A

when an individual’s performance gets better in the presence of others (Do well, do better)

44
Q

Social inhibition

A

when an individual’s performance gets worse in the presence of others (do bad, do worse)

45
Q

Social loafing

A

the reduced effort of each member in a group. The larger the group, the less effort each person puts forth.

46
Q

Group Think

A

when desire for harmony in decision-making overrides a realistic solution to the problem

47
Q

Deindividuation

A

the loss of self awareness and self restraint in a group situation. Brings about feelings of excitement and anonymity

48
Q

Group Polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

49
Q

Conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals. or ideas

50
Q

Ingroup

A

“us”, people with whom one shares a common identity

51
Q

Outgroup

A

“them”, those perceived as different or apart from one’s ingroup

52
Q

Mirror-image perceptions

A

mutual views help by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

53
Q

Superordinate goals

A

shared goals that unite groups in a common cause to overcome differences

54
Q

Social Trap

A

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interests, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

AP Psychology (14 decks)

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