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Med Term > Ch. 7-Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch. 7-Muscular System Flashcards

0
Q

Muscles

A

Provide mechanism for body movement, help maintain posture, and produce heat

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1
Q

The Muscular System is composed of

A

All the muscles in the body

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2
Q

3 Movements Muscles Perform

A

Locomotion, propulsion, and changes in size of openings

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3
Q

Tonicity

A

Process of maintaining posture and stability

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4
Q

How much body weight do muscles make up?

A

42%

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5
Q

Muscles are made of:

A

Groups of fibers held together by connective tissue, and those bundles make up the whole muscle which is enclosed in fascia

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6
Q

Every muscle fiber has:

A

Own nerve impulses and glycogen storage for its energy

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7
Q

How does the muscle get its supply of glycogen and oxygen?

A

Blood and lymphatic vessels permeate muscle tissues and provide them

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8
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary, locomotion movement

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9
Q

Four Major Functions of Skeletal Muscle

A

Contractility, extensibility, excitability, elasticity

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10
Q

Contractility

A

Muscle is shorter and thicker; contracting the muscle

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11
Q

Extensibility

A

Stretched and extended

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12
Q

Excitability

A

Receive and respond to stimulation

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13
Q

Elasticity

A

Returns to original shape after extending

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14
Q

3 Distinguishable Muscle Parts

A
  • body (main portion)
  • origin (fixed attachment to stationery bone)
  • insertion (point of attachment to moving bone)
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15
Q

Tendin

A

Attaches muscle to bone

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16
Q

Ligament

A

Attaches bone to bone

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17
Q

Sprain

A

Damages ligament

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18
Q

Strain

A

An overworked muscle

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19
Q

3 Skeletal Muscle Groups

A

Antagonist, prime mover/agonist, synergist

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20
Q

Antagonist

A

Counteracts another muscle

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21
Q

Prime mover/agonist

A

This muscle produces the movement

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22
Q

Synergist

A

Acts with another muscle

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23
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary, internal organs such as the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tract, and certain eye and skin muscles. Propulsion movement

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24
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary contraction of myocardium controlled by neuromuscular tissue

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25
Q

Diaphragm

A

Involuntary skeletal muscle

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26
Q

Sternocleidomastoid function

A

Rotates and laterally flexes neck

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27
Q

Trapezius function

A

Draws head to side and rotates scapula

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28
Q

Deltoid function

A

Raises and rotates arm

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29
Q

Rectus femoris function

A

Extends leg and flexes thigh

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30
Q

Sartorius function

A

Flexes and rotates thigh and leg

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31
Q

Tibialis anterior function

A

Dorsiflexes foot

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32
Q

Pectoralis major function

A

Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm

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33
Q

Biceps brachii function

A

Flexes arm and supinates forearm

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34
Q

External oblique function

A

Contracts abdomen and viscera

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35
Q

Rectus abdominis function

A

Compresses abdomen

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36
Q

Gastrocnemius function

A

Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

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37
Q

Soleus function

A

Plantar flexes foot

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38
Q

Triceps function

A

Extends forearm

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39
Q

Latissimus Dorsi function

A

“Swimmers muscle” extends and rotates arm

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40
Q

Gluteus maximus function

A

Extends and rotates thigh

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41
Q

Gluteus medius function

A

Abducts and rotates thigh

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42
Q

Biceps femoris function

A

Flexes knee and rotates outward

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43
Q

Semitendinosus function

A

Flexes and rotates leg; extends thigh

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44
Q

Semimembranosus function

A

Flexes and rotates leg; extends thigh

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45
Q

Achilles’ tendon function

A

Plantar flexion and extension of ankle

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46
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Wide, thin, sheet like tendon in abdominal, dorsal, and palmar regions

47
Q

Myocardium

A

Inner, muscular layer of heart

48
Q

Pacemaker cells

A

Allow contraction without nervous system input

49
Q

Most common cause of amputation:

A

Poor circulation

50
Q

Syme’s amputation

A

Amputation of any part of the foot

51
Q

Muscular atrophy

A

Disuse of muscles over an extended period of time, they weaken and lose mass

52
Q

Common causes of muscular atrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy, ALS, having a cast, any immobilization

53
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis of arm, leg, or trunk on one side of the body. Common cause-stroke

54
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of lower limbs and trunk. Common cause-spinal cord injury or spina bifida

55
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Total or partial loss of function in all limbs. Common cause-cervical spine damage

56
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Progressive degenerative muscular disease of which there is no cure, only symptom management. Duchenne’s is the most severe

57
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Pain and tenderness in certain areas of the body, treated by muscle relaxers and sometimes narcotics

58
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxants

A

Aka muscle relaxers
Have a sedative effect, depress the central nervous system, and are used to treat sprains, strains, spasms, trauma, and disease

59
Q

Anti inflammatory agents and analgesics

A 
Either steroidal (prednisone) or non steroidal (ibuprofen, etc) 
Either narcotic or non narcotic
60
Q

Creatine Kinase Test

A

Blood test to determine the levels of CK, used to diagnose muscular dystrophy

61
Q

Electromyography

A

EMG
Electrodes attached to a needle inserted into the muscle measure electrical activity of the muscles, and can diagnose ALS, muscular dystrophy, or other muscle disorders

62
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

Removal of a piece of muscle tissue for examination and diagnosis. Needle biopsy or open biopsy

63
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Slowness of motion or movement
brady- slow
-kinesia motion

64
Q

Dystonia

A

Condition of impaired muscle tone
dys- difficult
ton tone, tension
-ia condition

65
Q

Dystrophin

A

Protein found in muscle cells that when deficient causes muscle wasting
dys- difficult
troph nourishment, development
-in chemical

66
Q

Exercise

A

Performed activity of the muscles for health improvement or deformity correction

67
Q

Active exercise

A

Muscular contraction and relaxation by patient

68
Q

Assistive exercise

A

Muscular contraction and relaxation with the assistance of a therapist

69
Q

Isometric exercise

A

Active muscular contraction performed against stable resistance, thereby not shortening muscle length. Combats atrophy

70
Q

Passive exercise

A

Exercise performed by another individual without patient assistance

71
Q

Range of motion exercise

A

ROM
Movement of each joint through its full range of motion (FROM); prevents loss of mobility or to regain usage after injury

72
Q

Relief of tension exercise

A

Technique to promote relaxation of muscles and provide tension relief

73
Q

Fascia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue covering, supporting, or connecting the muscles or inner organs
fasc a band
-ia condition

74
Q

RICE

A

Treatment for strains or sprains that involves Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation

75
Q

Myalgia

A

Pain in the muscle
my muscle
-algia pain

76
Q

Myograph

A

Instrument used to record muscular contractions
my/o muscle
-graph Instrument for recording

77
Q

Myokinesis

A

Muscular motion or activity
my/o muscle
-kinesis motion

78
Q

Myology

A

Study of muscles
my/o muscles
-ology study of

79
Q

Myopathy

A

Muscle disease
my/o muscle
-pathy disease

80
Q

Myoplasty

A

Surgical repair of a muscle
my/o muscle
-plasty surgical repair

81
Q

Myosclerosis

A

Hardening of muscle
my/o muscle
-sclerosis hardening

82
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to both nerves and muscles
neur/o nerve
muscul muscle
-ar pertaining to

83
Q

Rigor mortis

A

Stiffness of skeletal muscles seen in death; develops between 4th and 24th hour after death then ceases

84
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder.

  • teres minor
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • subscapularis
85
Q

agon/o

A

Agony, a contest

86
Q

amputat/o

A

To cut through

87
Q

brach/i

A

Arm

88
Q

cleid/o

A

Clavicle

89
Q

clon/o

A

Turmoil

90
Q

duct/o

A

To lead

91
Q

dactyl/o

A

Finger or toe

92
Q

dermat/o

A

Skin

93
Q

fasci/o

A

A band

94
Q

fibr/o

A

Fiber

95
Q

is/o

A

Equal

96
Q

metr/o

A

To measure

97
Q

muscul/o

A

Muscle

98
Q

my/o

A

Muscle

99
Q

neur/o

A

Nerve

100
Q

path/o

A

Disease

101
Q

prosth/e

A

An addition

102
Q

rhabd/o

A

Rod

103
Q

rotat/o

A

To turn

104
Q

sarc/o

A

Flesh

105
Q

scler/o

A

Hardening

106
Q

stern/o

A

Sternum

107
Q

synov/o

A

Synovial

108
Q

ten/o

A

Tendon

109
Q

therm/o

A

Hot, heat

110
Q

ton/o

A

Tone, tension

111
Q

tors/o

A

Twisted

112
Q

tort/i

A

Twisted

113
Q

troph/o

A

Nourishment, development

114
Q

volunt/o

A

Will

Med Term (15 decks)

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