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Histology > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

0
Q

What is the cell type responsible for secreting bone matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

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1
Q

What are some functions of bone?

A

Support, protection, mineral homeostasis, hematopoiesis, energy storage

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2
Q

What is bone matrix composed of?

A

Type 1 collagen, proteoglycans, GAGs, glycoproteins (osteonectin)

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3
Q

Where are mature osteoblasts found?

A

Layer on the surface of bone matrix resembling a simple epithelium

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4
Q

What shape are osteoblasts when secreting bone matrix?

A

Cuboidal/columnar

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5
Q

Osteocytes are bound by

A

Lacunae and canaliculi

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6
Q

How do osteocytes communicate with one another?

A

Gap junctions on their processes, via canaliculi

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7
Q

Osteoclasts are believed to have developed from ___

A

Monocytes

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8
Q

Are osteoclasts mononucleated or multinucleated?

A

Multinucleated

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9
Q

Where do osteoclasts reside?

A

Resorption cavities

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10
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Break down bone matrix

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11
Q

What are the two layers of the periosteum?

A

An outer fibrous layer composed of dense CT with collagen-secreting fibroblasts and an inner cellular layer with osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells

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12
Q

What lining covers the trabeculae in the marrow cavities?

A

The endosteum

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13
Q

What cells are found in the endosteum?

A

Osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, bone lining cells

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14
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

Spongy and compact

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15
Q

What are the three distinct regions of long bones?

A

Epiphysis, metaphysis, diaphysis

16
Q

What types of bone are found in the epiphysis?

A

Mostly spongy

17
Q

What types of bone are found in the diaphysis?

A

Compact, with spongy forming the medullary cavity

18
Q

The epiphyseal plate is located between the ___ and the ____.

A

Bony metaphysis and epiphysis

19
Q

How do the central canals of osteons communicate with each other/the marrow cavity?

A

Volkmann’s canals

20
Q

What are the two forms of osteogenesis?

A

Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification

21
Q

What bones form via intramembranous ossification?

A

Flat bones, such as the skull, mandible, and clavicles

22
Q

How does bone form in intramembranous ossification?

A

Mesenchyme congregate in areas called ossification centers, differentiate into osteoblasts, secrete matrix on outer face

23
Q

Where does bone growth in intramembranous ossification occur?

A

On or within fibrous CT membranes

24
Q

Where does does endochondral ossification take place?

A

Within a section of hyaline cartilage

25
Q

What bones are formed via endochondral ossification?

A

Long bones

26
Q

What type of growth adds length to a bone, and what adds girth?

A

Interstitial adds length, appositional adds girth

27
Q

Describe the formation of the primary ossification center in long bones

A

Formation of bone collar around the diaphysis impedes nutrient delivery to chondrocytes; chondrocytes hypertrophy and die; chondrocytes leave behind calcified cartilage; calcified cartilage is invaded by osteoblasts; osteoprogenitor cells are delivered by the periosteal bud; osteoblasts start laying down spongy bone

28
Q

When do the secondary ossification centres form?

A

Around birth

29
Q

What are the differences between the primary and secondary ossification centers?

A

In secondary ossification centers, spongy bone is retained, hyaline cartilage remains to cover the epiphysis, there is no medullary cavity

30
Q

What are the five distinct zones of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plates of growing bone?

A
  1. Resting zone 2. Proliferative zone 3. Hypertrophic zone 4. Calcified cartilage zone 5. Ossification zone
31
Q

Describe the resting zone

A

Hyaline cartilage with normal chondrocytes; anchors the epiphyseal plate to the epiphysis

32
Q

Describe the proliferative zone

A

Chondrocytes divide in stacks

33
Q

Describe the hypertrophic zone

A

Chondrocytes mature, hypertrophy, and die. Chondrocytes accumulate glycogen in cytoplasm.

34
Q

Describe the calcified cartilage zone

A

Calcified remains of cartilage; formation of hydroxyapatite crystals

35
Q

Describe the ossification zone

A

Capillaries deliver osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor cells; osteoblasts occupy lacunae left by chondrocytes and secrete bone matrix

Histology (10 decks)

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