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Structures > The upper extremity > Flashcards

The upper extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic muscles of shoulder

A

Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Major and Minor

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2
Q

Trapezius function and innervation

A

Spinal Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve 11)
elevates, depresses and retracts the scapula.
rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly

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3
Q

Lat dorsi function and innervation

A 
To extend, adduct  and medially rotate the arm
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
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4
Q

Levator Scapulae function and innervation

A

Elevates the scapula

Dorsal Scapular nerve, cervical nerves C3 C4

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5
Q

Rhomboid major/minor function and innervation

A

Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4-C5)

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6
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Shoulder

A 
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Subscapularis
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7
Q

Deltoid function and innervation

A

anterior part: Flexes and medially rotates,
middle part: abducts
posterior part: Extends and lateral rotates
Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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8
Q

Supraspinatus function and innervation

A 
Inserts into greater tubercle of humerus, initiates abduction.
IS NOT a rotator even though labelled a rotator cuff muscle.
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
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9
Q

Infraspinatus function and innervation

A 
Inserts into greater tubercle of humerus, laterally rotates arm. 
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
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10
Q

Teres Minor function and innervation

A 
Inserts into greater tubercle of humerus
Laterally rotates arm
Axillary Nerve (C5, C6)
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11
Q

Teres Major function and innervation

A

Inserts into intertubercular groove of humerus.
Adducts and medially rotates arm
Lower Subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

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12
Q

Subscapularis function and innervation

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
Inserts into lesser tubercle of humerus
Medially rotates and adducts arm

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13
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

Supraspinatus –> Superior to scapula
Infraspinatus –> Posterior to scapula
Teres Minor –> Posterior to scapula
Subscapularis –> Anterior to scapula

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14
Q

Shoulder (glenohumeral) ligaments

A

Coracoacromial ligament –> creates a vault for the head of the humerus
Three glenohumeral ligament –> between glenoid fossa of scapula and humerus
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenoidal labrum

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15
Q

Sacroacromial bursa location

A

Under acromion, above supraspinatus ligament. Can communicate with joint cavity if the ligaments break down.

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16
Q

Possible movements of arm

A

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation

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17
Q

What passes through quadrangular space

A

Axillary Nerve

Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

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18
Q

What passes through triangular interval

A

radial nerve and deep artery of arm

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19
Q

What does the long head of the biceps pass under?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

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20
Q

anatomical vs. surgical head of humerus

A

Anatomical head is above surgical head (narrower here)

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21
Q

What does the axillary sheath contain?

A

cords of brachial plexus, axillary vein(medial) and artery

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22
Q

Anterior compartment of arm

A 
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
All flexors
All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
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23
Q

Posterior compartment of arm

A

Triceps brachii (main extensor)
Anconeus (assists in extension)
Extension of elbow
Innervated by Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

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24
Q

Biceps Brachii function

A

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow.

Insertion is the radius via the bicipital aponeurosis.

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25
Q

Coracobrachialis function

A

Flexes and adducts the shoulder. Insertion is humerus

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26
Q

Brachialis function

A

Main flexor of the elbow. Insertion on ulna.

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27
Q

Anterior Fore-arm muscles lateral to medial, innervation

A 
All flexors
Receive median nerve innervation
Superficial (lateral to medial):
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpe Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpe Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis (actually deep to top four)
Deep:
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor digitorum Profundus
Pronator Quadratus (deep to flexor pollicis longus)
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28
Q

Deep anterior fore-arm muscles

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus (lateral)
Flexor digitorum Profundus (medial)
Pronator Quadratus (deep to flexor pollicis longus)

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29
Q

Superficial anterior fore-arm muscles

lateral –>medial

A 
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpe Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpe Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis (actually deep to top four)
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30
Q

Common Flexor Tendon function

A

Attaches all superficial fore-arm flexors to medial epicondyle of humerus

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31
Q

Pronator Teres function

A

pronates and flexes forearm, attaches to radius

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32
Q

Flexor Carpe Radialis function

A

Flexes wrist, abducts wrist

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33
Q

Palmaris Longus function

A

holds plantar aponeurosis tight, flexes hand

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34
Q

Flexor Carpe Ulnaris function and innervation

A

Flexes wrist, adducts wrist

Innervated by ulnar nerve, exception to median nerve rule of anterior fore-arm

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35
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis function

A

flexes proximal IP joint

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36
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus function

A

Flexes both phalanges of thumb

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37
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus function and innervation

A

Flexes distal IP joint, also flexes wrist and metacarpal joint
Lateral part median nerve, Medial part ulnar nerve.

38
Q

Pronator quadratus function

A

Initiates pronation of fore-arm, holds radius and ulna together

39
Q

Flexor Retinaculum function

A

Creates roof of carpal tunnel

40
Q

Contents of carpal tunnel

A

9 tendons + nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
median nerve

41
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm branch off of

A

Off of the Musculocutaneous nerve, it becomes cutaneous in the forearm

42
Q

Brachioradialis innervation, function, location

A

Innervation: Radial Nerve
Location: Posterior compartment
Function: Flexor
Evolutionarily might have been an extensor, which explains its innervation

43
Q

position of ulnar nerve at elbow

A

Very superficial, just posterior to medial epicondyle –> what causes the funny bone sensation

44
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm, lateral to medial

A 
Radial nerve innervation
Mostly extensors of wrist
Superficial:
Brachioradialis (actually flexor of forearm)
Extensor Carpe Radialis longus
Extensor Carpe Radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum 
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpe Ulnaris
Anconeus
Deep:
Supinator
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
45
Q

Superficial posterior fore-arm

A 
Extensor carpe radialis longus
Extensor carpe radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpe ulnaris
46
Q

Deep posterior fore-arm

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor Indicis
47
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

A

Extends/abducts wrist

48
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

A

Extends/abducts wrist

49
Q

Extensor digitorum (ED)

A

Extends the proximal phalanges of the four fingers

50
Q

Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)

A

Extends metacarpals, secondarily at proximal IP

51
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)

A

Extends hand w/ extensor carpe radialis longus/brevis

Adducts hand w/ FCU

52
Q

Supinator

A

Prime mover for slow, unopposed supination, esp. w/ forearm extended

53
Q

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

A

Acts w/ abductor pollicis brevis

54
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

A

Extends MCP joint (+ also carpometacarpal joint)

55
Q

Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)

A

Extends interphalangeal joint (+ also other 2 thumb joints)

56
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Extends proximal interphalangeal joint

57
Q

Three radio-ulnar joints names and types

A

Proximal and Distal are synovial

Middle is syndesmosis

58
Q

Carpal Bones

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquitrium
Pisiform
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezium
Trapezoid
So Long To Pinky Here Comes The Thumb
59
Q

What bone is Pisiform associated with

A

Triquitrium

60
Q

What bones do the radius articulate with

A

The Scaphoid and Lunate

61
Q

Joints between the carpal bones

A

anterior, posterior, interosseus ligaments

62
Q

Thenar muscles and innervation

A

On the thumb side, innervated by the median nerve
Abductor pollicis brevis (lateral)
Flexor Pollicis brevis (medial)
Opponens pollicis (deep)

63
Q

Hypothenar muscles and innervation

A

On the pinky side, innervated by the ulnar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi (medial)
Flexor digiti minimi (lateral)
Opponens digiti minimi (deep)

64
Q

Adductor compartment

A

Adductor pollicis, has two heads
ulnar nerve
Deep to abductor and flexor pollicis brevis

65
Q

Lumbrical muscle innervation and function

A

Bye-bye motion, flex metacarpals

1-2 are median, 3-4 are ulnar

66
Q

Interosseous muscles

A

All ulnar nerve
Dorsal ABduct –> Abduct digits 2-5
Palm ADduct –> Adduct digits 2, 4, 5. Digit 3 cannot be adducted because it is in the middle.
PAD DAB

67
Q

Anatomical Snuffbox boundaries

A

Anterior (towards palm) –> Abductor Pollicis Longus , Extensor Pollicis Brevis (both posterior fore-arm)
Posterior (towards dorsum of hand) –> Extensor Pollicis Longus (also posterior fore-arm)
Contains radial artery, radial styloid process, base of 1st metacarpal, scaphoid, trapezium

68
Q

Three parts of elbow joint

A

trochlea of humerus to trochlear notch of ulna –> hinge joint
Capitulum of humerus to head of radius –> gliding joint
Head of radius to radial notch in ulna –> rotation joint

69
Q

Ligaments of elbow joint

A

Annular ligament of radius (goes all the way around the radius, holds it in place)
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial Collateral ligament
Collateral ligaments attach each bone to the humerus

70
Q

Wrist joint

A

Radius articulates with scaphoid and lunate

71
Q

Branches of axillary artery

A

Superior Thoracic
Thoracoacromial
Lateral Thoracic
Subscapular –> which turns into thoracodorsal
anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

72
Q

When does the axillary artery turn into the brachial artery

A

After the teres major

73
Q

Three exceptions to brachial plexus root values

A

All exceptions off posterior cord
Axillary Nerve C5, C6
Thoracodorsal Nerve C6-C8
Upper and Lower subscapular nerve C5-C6

74
Q

What does the axillary nerve become in the arm

A

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

75
Q

What does the radial nerve become in the fore-arm

A

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the fore-arm

76
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve become in the forearm

A

The lateral cutaneous nerve of the fore-arm

77
Q

What muscles in hand are innervated by median nerve

A 
1st and 2nd lumbricle
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Meat LOAF
78
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous

A

L2-L3

79
Q

Genitofemoral

A

L1-L2

80
Q

Iliohypogastric

A

T12-L1

81
Q

Ilioinguinal

A

L1

82
Q

Pudendal

A

S2-S4

83
Q

Common peroneal

A

L4-S2

84
Q

Tibial

A

L4-S3

85
Q

Inferior gluteal

A

L5-S2

86
Q

Superior gluteal

A

L4-S1

87
Q

Femoral

A

L2-L4

88
Q

Obdurator nerve

A

L2-L4

89
Q

Deep peroneal

A

L4-S2

90
Q

Superficial peroneal

A

L5-S2

Structures (44 decks)

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