Unit 2 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

o Significant difference means

A

that the difference was not due to chance.

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2
Q

o Correlation does not equal

A

making this mistake leads to a faulty conclusion.

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3
Q

o Extreme scores affect

A

The mean

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4
Q

o The magic number for p-value is

A

.05%

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5
Q

Range is

A

simplest measure of variability

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6
Q

o 65% of the Milgram study participants administered

A

the highest amount of electricity.

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7
Q

o Inferential statistics can be used to show

A

causation and descriptive stats cannot.

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8
Q

o A homogenous sample is

A

a sample where all of the subjects share similar characteristics. Usually implies a small standard deviation.

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9
Q

Variable

A

Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Confounding

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10
Q

Longitudinal studies

A

Same subjects over an extended period of time

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11
Q

Control Group

A

Group that isn’t being experimented

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12
Q

Placebo

A

Fake Treatment

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13
Q

Correlation Coefficient

A

positive correlation, negative correlation, range from -1 to 1 (zero means no correlation) correlation does not equal caustion

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14
Q

Double Blind Study

A

Participants and conductor unaware

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15
Q

Naturalistic Observation (Know positive and negative relations)

A

Observe naturally occuring events, no intervention with subjects

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16
Q

Positively Skewed Distribution

A

Most scores pile up at the low end of the scale

17
Q

Standard Deviation

A

How the scores depart from the mean

18
Q

First Truth

A

Mean, Median, Mode all contribute to be in the middle of the normal distribution curve

19
Q

Second Truth

A

68% of scores fall within one standard deviation

20
Q

Third Truth

A

98% of scores fall with two of standard deviation

21
Q

Asch Experiment

A

Comformity (Demonstrating the degree at which people’s decisions are influenced by the majority of the group)

22
Q

Stanley Milgram Experiment

A

Obedience (measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure)

23
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

24
Q

Operational Defintion

A

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables

25
Q

Case Study

A

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

26
Q

Independent Variable

A

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

27
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

28
Q

Confounding

A

A factor other than independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

29
Q

Survey

A

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

30
Q

Cross-Sectional Studies

A

one type of study in which people of different ages are examined at the same time(s). This is usually done with cohorts, so that researchers can examine how people of different ages perform, behave, or respond to a particular function

31
Q

APA Ethical Guidelines

A

Refer to paper