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ap psychology > Unit 4 (Brain) > Flashcards

Unit 4 (Brain) Flashcards

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AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Inside, Brain and Spinal Cord, Transmits info from brain to body and body to brain

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2
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Involuntary/Self-Regulating Functions (controls the body parts that moves involuntary like the eyes, heart, etc.)

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3
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Mobilizes/ Spends body’s resources, “Fight or Flight” (Reactions, controlling the energy necessary to cope with that situation)

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4
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Conserves body’s resources, Protects bodily functions

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5
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Monitors brain wave activity

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6
Q

Medulla

A

Vital Functions, such as Cardiovascular activities

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7
Q

Reticulated Formation or Reticular Activating System

A

Arousal and motivation transition, sleep transitions

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8
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Sight (part of brain)

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9
Q

Lock and Key Analogy

A

Every transmitter has a lock, and every receptor has a key

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10
Q

Afferent Neurons/Sensory Nuerons

A

Info from PNS to CNS (responsible for bringing info from sensory receptors to CNS

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11
Q

Efferent Neurons/Motor Neurons

A

Info from CNS to PNS (Carry electrical neurons telling your muscles to move)

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12
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Right half of the body, verbal and logical

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13
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Left half of the body, creative and visual

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14
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

“Grey Matter”, Memory attention, thought awareness(Thin Layer of Tissue) (Main information processing center)

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15
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Surrounds Axon and Insulates Axon (Speeds info thru the neuron)

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16
Q

Endorphins

A

Endorphins help us deal with pain as well as producing a pleasurable sensation

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17
Q

Thalamus is not

A

a gland

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18
Q

Endocrine System is based on

A

Hormones

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19
Q

The Hypothalamus is linked to

A

Obesity

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20
Q

An increase in positive ions inside the neuron causes

A

an action potential

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21
Q

Sensory information from your sense of smell do not

A

pass through the thalamus on the way to the cortex

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22
Q

Dopamine, GABA, AcH are

A

neurotransmitters

23
Q

Indentical twins raised apart who do not suffer from the same disorders indicates

A

that environmental factors play a larger role than genetic factors in their development

24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Interprets Sensory Information

25
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing Memories

26
Q

Frontal

A

Heavy Thinking, Planning

27
Q

Dendrites

A

Recieves Info

28
Q

Soma

A

Cell Body

29
Q

Axon

A

Carries Signal

30
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Maintains the strength of signal

31
Q

Synaptic Vescles

A

Protects Neurotransmitters

32
Q

Receptor Sites

A

Where neurotransmitters attach to next neurons

33
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Basic biological functions, survival needs

34
Q

Pons

A

Pathway for motor and sensory information, facial expressions

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Voluntary movements, coordination, balance in behavior sprinting (example)

36
Q

Amygdala

A

influence anger, fear, rage (emotions)

37
Q

Hippocampus

A

formation of memories

38
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

39
Q

Limbic System

A

a grouping of structures in the brain that sits between in the most primitive part of the forebrain called the rhinecephalon. This is a doughnut-shaped network of neurons that inlfuences many deep-rooted drives and emotions including pain, anger, hunger, sex, thirst, and pleasure. The thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, fornix, mammiliary bodies, and septal areas are all parts of the limbic system

40
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

plays a major part in touch, pressure and temperature. The parietal lobe would inform you the temperature of a hard boiled egg and would allow you to pick up that egg with just enough pressure to hold it and not crush it

41
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

This area contains the largest bundle of nerve fibers in the brain and connects the two sides (hemispheres) of the brain. The corpus callosum doesn’t just sit there, it is responsible for allowing the two hemispheres to communicate with each other and share information. Thus, the corpus callosum carries massages between the left and right hemispheres of the brain

42
Q

Endocrine System

A

Information travels through our bodies in two forms; as electrical signals, or as chemical signals. The chemical signals are created and carried throughout the body using the endocrine system. This system works more slowly than the electrical signals, and is made up of glands that secret hormones (the carriers of the information) in the bloodstream

43
Q

Estrogen

A

Estrogen is one of the sex hormones that is necessary for proper female reproductive functioning as well as the development of secondary female characteristics like breasts, less facial hair than men, etc

44
Q

Androgen

A

Androgens are the hormones that control sexual development. They can be naturally produced by the body or synthetically produced. Among their functions is their contribution to the growth of male sex organs and. Testosterone is one of the more recognizable androgens.

45
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

a pair of endocrine glands that sits just above the kidneys and secretes hormones (epinephrine and noepinephrine) that helps arouse the body in times of stress

46
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

The endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

47
Q

Brainstem

A

the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions

48
Q

Split brain

A

a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s two hemispheres by cutting the fibers

49
Q

genes

A

the segments of DNA molecules that contain the code for particular peptides or proteins which then determine who we are

50
Q

genome

A

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

51
Q

Identical Twins

A

Twins who developed from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms

52
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but share a fetal environment

53
Q

Molecular genetics

A

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and functions of genes

54
Q

mutations

A

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

ap psychology (15 decks)

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