Exam revision 2

Question 1

What is DVT?

Answer 1

formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein, predominantly in the legs

Question 2

Symptoms of a DVT

Answer 2

Pain and tenderness in the leg, pain on foot extention, swelling of lower leg, foot or ankle. Red or warm skin

Question 3

What is Colorectal cancer?

Answer 3

when cancer develops in the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine)

Question 4

What is Oesophageal cancer?

Answer 4

Oesophageal Cancer – Cancer of the oesophagus, 2 main types: squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

Question 5

What is Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 5

Auto immune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in an absolute lack of insulin leading to increased glucose in the blood and urine.

Question 6

S/S of Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 6

Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia

Question 7

Complications of Diabetes type 1?

Answer 7

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy

Question 8

What is diabetes type 2?

Answer 8

Metabolic disorder which is characterised by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin.

Question 9

Diagnosis of DVT?

Answer 9

Venous ultrasound, contrast venography

Question 10

DVT risk factors

Answer 10

Coronary heart disease, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, high dose contraceptive pill, family history, blood clotting disorders, sitting still for long periods, congestive cardiac failure, hormone therapy.

Question 11

Complications of DVT

Answer 11

phlebitis, leg ulcers, Pulmonary embolism, stroke

Question 12

What cell does HIV attack?

Answer 12

Kills CD4 cells (a type of white blood cell that plays a large role in helping the body fight infection)

Question 13

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis?

Answer 13

Diarrhoea, PR bleeds, fatigue, anorexia, weakness, anaemia

Question 14

Difference between Ulcerative collitis and Crohn’s disease?

Answer 14

Crohns – Patchy areas of inflammation. Ulcerative colitis – Continuous area of inflammation. crohn’s disease can affect the whole GIT, whereas Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine.

Question 15

Symptoms of Oesophageal cancer?

Answer 15

difficulty in swallowing, pain on swallowing, weight loss, undernutrition, heartburn-like pain behind breastbone/stomach region, unusually husky, raspy or hourse sounding cough, N/V, cough
Complications: Aspiration pneumonia