Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Adhesion

Answer 0

Attraction of unlike particles

Question 1

Specific heat

Answer 1

The amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. (Water has high specific heat)

Question 2

Cohesion

Answer 2

Attraction of like particles

Question 3

Isomer

Answer 3

Same formula, different structure

Question 4

Catalyst

Answer 4

A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction

Question 5

Substrate

Answer 5

The material of substance on which an enzyme acts (toothpicks)

Question 6

Activation energy

Answer 6

The least amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place

Question 7

Specificity

Answer 7

An enzyme is specific to one reaction

Question 8

Lock and key model

Answer 8

Only the correctly sized key (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site) of the lock (enzyme). –how toothpicks fit in hands

Question 9

Intermediate complex

Answer 9

Substrate is touching catalase before reaction takes place

Question 10

Polysaccharides

Answer 10

Cellulose-structural for plants
Starch-energy store for plants
Glycogen-storage for animals
Chitin-cell walls of fungus and main component of insect and arthropod exoskeleton.

Question 11

Condensation/dehydration

Answer 11

Monosaccharides bond and produce water

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

When polysaccharides split up and use water

Question 13

Function of carbs

Answer 13

Storage/source of energy

Question 14

Redox

Answer 14

Oil rig-Oxidation Is to Lose Reduction Is to Gain an e-

Question 15

Carbs classified as

Answer 15

Monosaccharides-1 body (glucose)
Disaccharides-combos of mono (sucrose=glucose+fructose)
Polysaccharides-chains of glucose, differ based on arrangement(form follows function), ex. Oatmeal making, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin

Question 16

Lipid structure

Answer 16

3 fatty acids+ glycerol (alcohol)

Question 17

Unsaturated vs saturated

Answer 17

Saturated–no double bonds, max H, animal fat, solid at room temp

-unsaturated–double bonds, healthier, plants, liquid at room temp

Question 18

Protein functions

Answer 18

1-contractile (movement)
2-structural (silk, spider web)
3-enzymatic 
4-storage (store amino acids)
5-transport 
6-hormonal (insulin)
7-receptor (membrane proteins)
8-gene regulation
9-defensive (antibodies)

Question 19

Amino acids form what time of bond

Answer 19

Peptide bond and creates water

Question 20

Instructions for making proteins

Answer 20

DNA code—-(transcription)–>mRNA–(translation)–>ribosome

Question 21

Primary structure of proteins

Answer 21

The sequence of amino acids

Question 22

Secondary structure of proteins

Answer 22

Alpha-helical shape
Beta–pleated sheets

•created by hydrogen bonding btw backbone amino acids

Question 23

Tertiary structure proteins

Answer 23

• overall shape including interactions btw side chains
• disulfide bridges
• hydrophobic/Phillic

Question 24

Quaternary structure protein

Answer 24

-overall shape with subunit polypeptides

Question 25

Sometimes enzymes are not active until they have

Answer 25

• coenzyme (carbon compound)
• cofactor(copper, zinc, iron)

Changes shape so it works

Question 26

Example of control

Answer 26

Signal–>receptor–>integration–>effect(active enzyme)–>outcome”product”———–inhibitor–>integration

Question 27

Non-competitive inhibitors

Answer 27

Changes shape–>alesteric

Question 28

Denature

Answer 28

Destroy because you change shape (poison, heat,pH, light)