Test Q's Chem Of Life Flashcards
Compounds that have ability to form h bonds are?
Polar covalent bonds
pH is defined as
A value that expresses how acidic or basic a solution is
Where is pH an important factor?
It can be used to be an inhibitor by denaturing the enzyme because it changes the shape
Why can carbon form a wide variety of large and complex molecules?
1-it has 4 valence electrons
2-it can form up to 4 covalent bonds
3-these can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds
4-these molecules can be chains, ring-shaped, or branched
Hydroxyl
Alcohols such as ethanol, methanol; helps dissolve molecules such as sugars
Carboxyl
Fatty acids and sugars; acidic properties because it tends to ionize; source of H+ ions
Carbonyl
Ketones and aldehydes such as sugars
Amino
Amines such as amino acids
Phosphate
Organic phosphates including ATP, DNA, and phospholipids
Sulfhydryl
Found in some amino acids; firms disulfide bridges in proteins
Carb structure
Simple sugars and polymers. Exist in a ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen
Lipids
Waxes, oils, fats, and steroids. Fats made up of a glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules.
Proteins
Polymers made up of amino acid monomers. (Amino acid is a central carbon bonded to a carboxyl and amino group, a H atom, and an R group)
4 levels of protein structure
Primary-the unique sequence in which amino acids are joined
Secondary-refers to one of two three-dimensional shapes that are the result of hydrogen bonding. Alpha helix is a coiled shape. Beta-pleated sheet is an accordion shape.
Tertiary-results in a complex globular shape due to interactions between R groups such as hydrophobic interactions, h bonds, and disulfide bridges
Quaternary structure-The association of two or more polypeptide chains into one large protein
Buffers
Substances that minimize changes in pH
