Chapter 12: Appendicular Muscles Flashcards
Discuss appendicular muscles and the basic actions/motions they produce. (4)
- Control movements of upper and lower limbs
- Stabilize/control movements of pectoral and pelvic girdle
- Work in groups that are synergistic or antagonistic
- Organized into groups based on location or what they move
List the 5 specific groups of the upper extremities.
- Muscles that move the pectoral girdle
- Muscles that move the glenohumeral joint
- Muscles that move the elbow joint
- Muscles that move the wrist joint, hand, fingers
- Intrinsic muscles of the hand
Muscles that move the pectoral girdle (6)
- Originate on axial skeleton
- Insert on clavicle and scapula
- Stabilize and move scapula
Muscles:
- Pectoralis major and minor
- Serratus anterior
- Subclavius
- Levator scapulae
- Rhomboid major and minor
- Trapezius
Rotator cuff muscles
“SITS”
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
Muscles that move the elbow joint
- Flexor compartment (anterior)
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis
- Extensor compartment (posterior)
- triceps brachii
- anconeus
- Extensors originate on the lateral epicondyle
- Flexors originate on the medial epicondyle
Muscles that move the wrist joint, hand, fingers
- Supinator muscle (posterior)
- Supinates forearm
- biceps brachii helps
- Pronator teres (anterior compartment)
- Pronator quadratus (anterior compartment)
- both pronate forearm
- Tendons of the forearm muscles surrounded by tendon sheaths
- thick, fibrous band (retinaculum) around wrist prevents tendons from bulging outward (this forms the carpal tunnel - 9 tendons and the median nerve run through there)
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
- Small muscles that originate and insert on the hand
- entirely in the palm
- 3 groups:
1. Thenar group- thick, fleshy mass at base of thumb
2. Hypothenar group - small, fleshy mass at base of pinky
3. Midpalmar group - occupies space between 1st 2 groups
- thick, fleshy mass at base of thumb
Muscles that move the pelvic girdle and lower limb
- Larges and most powerful in the body
- Several of them cross and act upon 2 joints
- Hip (coxal )and knee
Muscles that move the coxal joint/thigh
- Most originate on os coxae
- Most insert on the femur
- Stabilize joint and support body during standing and walking
Anterior Thigh Muscles
- psoas major and iliacus (these merge and insert not he femur as iliopsoas)
- Sartorius
- longest muscle of body
- acts on hip and knee joints
- these muscles work synergistically to flex and laterally rotate the thigh
Muscles of the hip and thigh: Medial Compartment
Abducts and medially rotates the thigh
- Tensor fascia latae
- All the rest of these adduct thigh:
(These also help flex thigh)
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
(This one also extends and laterally rotates thigh)
- Adductor magnus
Muscles of the hip and thigh: the GLUTES
- Gluteus Maximus
- largest and heaviest
- chief extensor of thigh
- laterally rotates thigh
- Gluteus Medius
- deep to maximus
- powerful abductor
- medially rotates thigh
- shots given here
- Gluteus Minimus
- smallest of the flutes
- deep to medius
- helps medially rotate and abduct thigh
Muscles of the hip and thigh: The Deep 6
“If you have to pee, go, go, quickly.”
- Piriformis
- Superior gemellus
- Obturator externus
- Inferior gemellus
- Obturator internus
- Quadratus femoris
Muscles of the hip and thigh: Posterior Compartment
Hamstrings: (3 muscles)
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Originate on ischial tuberosity
- Insert on leg
- Moves thigh and knee
- Primary thigh movement: extension
Muscles of the hip and thigh: Quadriceps femoris (group)
- Vastus Medialis
- anteromedial surface of thigh - Vastus Lateralis
- anterolateral surface of thigh - Vastus Intermedius
- between v. medialis and v. laterals
- deep to rectus femoris - Rectus Femoris
- superficial to v. intermedius
- all 4 converge into one quadriceps tendon which extends to the patella and continues to be inserted on the tibial tuberosity
- group extends the knee
- ## flexes hip
