Chapter 23 & 24: Vessels/Circulation & Lymphatic System Flashcards
Name the 3 classes of blood vessels.
- Arteries (Take blood away from the heart)
- Capillaries (Site o gas and nutrient exchange)
- Veins (Take blood to the heart)
Define anastomosis.
site where 2 or more vessels merge to supply the same body region
- more often veins than arteries
List and describe the 3 blood vessel tunics.
- Tunica Interna/Tunica Intima (innermost layer)
- Tunica Media (middle layer, smooth muscle, faso-constriction and dilation)
- Tunica Externa/Tunica Adventitia (outermost layer, connective tissue, helps anchor vessels to other tissues)
Differentiate between different types of arteries.
3 Types of arteries:
- Elastic
- Muscular
- Arteriole
As arteries diameter decreases there is a corresponding decrease in the amount of elastic fibers and a relative increase in the amount of smooth muscle
Describe the function of a capillary.
- Allow gas and nutrient exchange between blood and body tissue to occur rapidly
- Functional units of the cardiovascular system
- Only tunica intima
Describe the structure of veins and venules.
Veins
- Brain capillaries and return blood to the heart
- BP is reduced in Veins
- Function as blood reservoirs
- Contain 1 way valves to keep blood from back flowing
- Many deep veins pass though skeletal muscle groups and that helps move the blood along - “skeletal muscle pump”
Venules
- Merge to form veins
Discuss the seriousness of DVT and PE.
DVT - Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Blood clot in a vein
- Commonly in the calf
- Fever, tenderness/redness of affected area, severe pain and swelling, rapid HR
PE - Pulmonary Embolus
- Blood clot that breaks free and travels to the lung
- Can block a branch of the pulmonary artery and potentially cause respiratory failure and death
Be able to identify the following major blood vessels on a diagram.
Diagram Pg. 692-693
Pulmonary vessels
Cardiac Coronary vessels
Aorta and parts/major branches
Circle of Willis
Arteries: Subclavian Axillary Brachial Radial Ulnar Celiac trunk Mesenteric Common Iliac Internal/External Iliac Femoral Popliteal Anterior and posterior tibial
Veins Superior/Inferior vena cava Brachiocephalic Jugular Subclavian Common Iliac Azygous Hepatic portal Cephalic Basilic Median cubital Great saphenous
Describe the functions of the lymphatic system.
- Transport (Fluid, nutrients, dietary lipids)
- Lymphocyte development.
- Immune response.
- Reabsorb excess interstitial fluid and returns it to venous circulation.
Describe the structure of lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatic Capillaries
- Closed-end tubes found in most blood capillary networks that originate in tissue spaces between cells
- Act as 1 way valves
- Called “lacteals” in small intestines; lymph in this area is called “chyle”
Lymphatic vessels
- lymph caps come together to form vessels (like veins)
Lymph nodes
- afferent vessels connect to lymph nodes and bring fluid here where it is examined for pathogens then it exits the lymph node via efferent vessels
- often found in clusters
List and describe the basic functions of lymphatic cells.
- Macrophages
- T-lymphocytes
- Plasma membrane contains a core receptor that can recognize a particular antigen
- 70-85% of lymphocytes in body - B-lymphocytes
- contain antigen receptors that respond to one particular antigen and cause production of antibodies (IgA, IgD, IgM, IgE, IgG)
- this one is why vaccines work - NK cells
- Natural Killer cells
- can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cancerous cells
Diseases of the lymph.
Lymphedema
- accumulation of interstitial fluid that occurs due to interference with lymphatic drainage in a part of the body
HIV and AIDS
- targets T-lymphcytes and causes a decrease in normal immune function
Lymphoma
- cancer in the lymph system
