Chapter 7

Question 0

Fibrous connective tissue covering the bone

Answer 0

Periosteum

Question 1

Layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articulating portion of epiphysis

Answer 1

Articulate cartilage

Question 2

Tightly packed tissue in walls of diaphysis

Answer 2

Compact bone

Question 3

Numerous branching bony plates

Answer 3

Spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 4

Name two types of tissue that make up bone

Answer 4

Compact and spongy bone

Question 5

Hollow chamber in diaphysis filled with marrow

Answer 5

Medullary cavity

Question 6

Lines medullary cavity

Answer 6

Endosteum

Question 7

Cylinder shaped unit of bone cells surrounding a central canal

Answer 7

Osteons

Question 8

How are two bone tissues nourished

Answer 8

Central canal contains blood vessels that nourish the osteons.
Spongy bone also contains osteocytes, but no osteons and are nourished by diffusion

Question 9

What are the different bone formations between two bones

Answer 9

Intramembranous bones are flat skull bones that develop from layers of connective tissue membrane
Endochondral bone- most of the bones developed from masses of hyaline cartilage

Question 10

Bone forming cells

Answer 10

Osteoblasts

Question 11

When osteoblasts are surrounded by the matrix and mature

Answer 11

Osteocytes

Question 12

What is the difference from primary than secondary

Answer 12

Primary ossification center appears in diaphysis, while secondary ossification center appears in each epiphyses

Question 13

Band of cartilage that is left between two ossification centers

Answer 13

Epiphyseal plate

Question 14

How long do bones lengthen?

Answer 14

Long bones lengthen until Epiphyseal plates are ossified

Question 15

Bone destruction cells

Answer 15

Osteoclasts

Question 16

State the four main bone functions

Answer 16

Support and protect
Body movement
Blood cell formation
Storage of inorganic salts

Question 17

What is the difference between the two bone marrows

Answer 17

Red marrow forms red cells, white cells, platelets

Yellow marrow stores fat

Question 18

What happens when blood calcium is low? High?

Answer 18

When blood calcium is low, osteoclasts breakdown bone releasing calcium salts
When it is high, osteoclasts form bone tissue and store calcium salts

Question 19

Junctions of cranial bones

Answer 19

Sutures

Question 20

Three tiny bones in each ear (tiniest bones in human body; developed at birth)

Answer 20

Ossicles

Question 21

Serves as attachment for tongue and not attached to any other bone

Answer 21

Hyoid bone

Question 22

Soft spot of babies skull

Answer 22

Fontanels

Question 23

Provides attachment of ribs to thoracic vertebrae

Answer 23

Rib facets

Question 24

Name the three ribs

Answer 24

True ribs-first 7 pair
False ribs- next 3 pair
Floating ribs- last 2 pair

Question 25

Shark ridge on a bone

Answer 25

Spine

Question 26

Structural difference between male and female pelvis

Answer 26

Female coxae are lighter, thinner, and have less muscle attachment
Obturator foramen and acetabulum are smaller and farther apart on females
Female pelvic cavity is wider in all directions
Female sacrum is wider
Female coccyx is more movable

Question 27

Name two main arches

Answer 27

Longitudinal (toe-heel)

Transverse (side to side)

Question 28

What causes arches to fall or for people to have flat feet

Answer 28

Flat feet or fallen arches result from poor prenatal nutrition, excessive weight, fatigue, incorrectly fitted shoes

Question 29

State 3 categories of joints and degree of movement

Answer 29

Fibrous joints-no movement
Cartilaginous joint-allow limited movement (between vertebrae, symphysis pubis, and ribs)
Synovial joints-allow free movement

Question 30

Lubricating fluid between joints

Answer 30

Synovial fluid

Question 31

Shock absorbing pad of fibrocartilage

Answer 31

Meniscus

Question 32

Fluid filled sac between joints

Answer 32

Bursa

Question 33

Name types of synovial joints

Answer 33

Ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, saddle joint