Chapter 13 extra questions

Question 1

what is pericarditis

Answer 1

inflammation of the pericardium due to viral or bacterial infection that makes the pericardium layers stick together, making it harder to breathe and also hurts. could cause heart to stop beating properly

Question 2

mitral valve prolapse

Answer 2

cusps of mitral valve stretches and bugles in the left atrium during vent. contraction. could cause blood to regurgitate and causes a clicking noise in the heart

Question 3

what does a thrombus or embolus do

Answer 3

blocks and narrows a coronary artery branch deprives myocardial cells of oxygen producing angina pectoris. hurts when exercise

Question 4

whats a blood clot

Answer 4

completely obstructing a coronary artery or one of its branches kills part of the heart. myocardial infarction or “heart attack”

Question 5

what are symptoms of a heart attack

Answer 5

pain in left arm, tight chest, shortness of breath

Question 6

what makes the noises lubb dupp

Answer 6

A-V valves close

semilunar valves close

Question 7

what does a person need for a heart transplant

Answer 7

same size
same shape
same blood type

Question 8

what is removed in a heart transplant and what is not

Answer 8

3/4 taken out-1/4 stays

posterior walls of the right and left atria and connections to vena cava and pulmonary veins are not removed.

Question 9

what do heart sounds provide

Answer 9

information concerning the condition of heart valves

Question 10

what is endocarditis and what does it lead to

Answer 10

inflammation of the endocardium that erodes the edges of the valvular cusps. cusps do not close completely, leaking blood back through the valve, also led to a heart murmur

Question 11

atherosclerosis

Answer 11

deposit of fatty materials form in the inner lining of the arterial walls. protrudes in the lumens of vessels and interfere with blood flow

Question 12

what treats atherosclerosis

Answer 12

angioplasty- plastic catheter is passed through a tiny incision in skin into lumen of affected blood vessel. little balloon is deflated then inflated when in vessel

Question 13

risk factors of developing atherosclerosis

Answer 13

fatty diet, elevated blood pressure, smoking, lack of physcial exercise

Question 14

explain blood brain barrier in brain

Answer 14

capillary walls are more tightly fused together, keeping toxins out and bacterias from entering. BAD- keeps out useful drugs to the brain

Question 15

what is the only vein that is red and why

Answer 15

pulmonary vein-oxygenated- because it is coming from the lungs

Question 16

flaps outside atria give more surface area

Answer 16

auricles

Question 17

what is the only artery that is blue and why

Answer 17

pulmonary artery-deoxygenated-because its becoming new blood

Question 18

left ventricle pumps out to the

Answer 18

aorta

Question 19

blood in left ventricle pumps out to aorta then wheree

Answer 19

blood to lower body

Question 20

why is left ventricle 2x as thick as right

Answer 20

because it has to send more blood elsewhere; sends blood to rest of the body

Question 21

metrovalve prolapse or heart murmur

Answer 21

valve door does not close, opens in wrong direction and blood gets mixed up

Question 22

where does the first blood leave and go to

Answer 22

heart

Question 23

what do coronary arteries do

Answer 23

supply blood to myocardium

Question 24

what is a colonary embulism

Answer 24

blood clot in heart wall; only one way for blood so it is terminal

Question 25

what is the machine that pumps your body when you are having a heart transplant

Answer 25

heart bypass

Question 26

what gives the heart a chance to relax

Answer 26

.2 seconds all 4 chambers are relaxed

Question 27

what is AED

Answer 27

person has heart attack-sends a shock to body to restore the heart. cannot touch person or else your heart will stop
65% survive; 5% don’t

Question 28

when 5 mins go by after an heart attack

Answer 28

lost 50% of survival

Question 29

6 mins without oxygen after a heart attack

Answer 29

irreversible brain damage

Question 30

ICD

Answer 30

monitors heart rhythm and will automatically shock you. saves 100,000 lives

Question 31

L-VAD

Answer 31

maintains cardiac functions until a heart match becomes avaliable. this allows people to resume activity

Question 32

what is not shown on an EKG

Answer 32

atria is relaxing while ventricles are contracting

Question 33

what is arithmia and what are certain arithmias

Answer 33

heart without a rhythm. myocardium contracts abnormally-blood doesnt pump out
atrio-not life threatening ventri-deadly, contracting abnormally

Question 34

aneurysm

Answer 34

blood vessel blisters or bubbles; bleeds internally

Question 35

explain angiogensis

Answer 35

formation of new blood vessels and grow capillaries-need new blood vessels after heart attack. form where you have the blockage
BAD-cancerous cells thrive. grow extremely fast because tumor loves this blood process-spreads to new places. “cancer returns” cancer was removed, but it was seeded in angio cells so now theyre everywhere.

Question 36

how to stop angiogensis in cancer patients

Answer 36

antiangio drug extends life and kemotherapy-starves tumor and dies

Question 37

why are there pores in capillaries

Answer 37

nutrients can go in and out O2, CO2, H2O

Question 38

where are places w no capillaries

Answer 38

tendons, ligaments, cartilage-slow to heal

Question 39

difference in artery wall then vein wall

Answer 39

art-narrower, thicker lumen

vein-wider, contains valves, narrower lumen

Question 40

What can an EKG detect and not detect

Answer 40

Cannot detect cardiac arrest and heart murmurs. Happen too suddenly and heart murmurs have to be heard
Can detect heart rate