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Honors Anatomy > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

0
Q

3 parts of a neuron

A

Cell body, dendrites, axon

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1
Q

Nerve cells

A

Neurons

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2
Q

Bundle of axons

A

Nerve

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3
Q

Supporting cells

A

Neuroglial cells

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4
Q

What is each nervous system? 2

A

Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system-nerves

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5
Q

Name the general functions of nervous system

A

Sensory function
Integrated function
Motor function

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6
Q

Name functions of neuroglial cells

A 
Carry phagocytosis
Provide insulating layers of myelin
Provide structural support and fills spaces
Covers and forms inner linings
Forms myelin sheath
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7
Q

Name neurons classification on basis of structure

A

Bipolar
Unipolar
Multipolar

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8
Q

Classification on basis of function

A

Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron

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9
Q

Define resting potential

A

In a resting nerve cell, the potential difference between inside and outside of cell membrane (-70 mv)

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10
Q

When resting potential becomes more positive

A

Depolarized

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11
Q

Explain ion movement that makes action potential

A

@ threshold, NA ions diffuse inward, Depolarizes the membrane
@ same time, K ions diffuse outward, repolarize the membrane

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12
Q

Rapid change in potential (+30 mv)

A

Action potential

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13
Q

Wave of action potential

A

Nerve impulse

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14
Q

Differentiate conduct impulses

A

Un myelinated axons conduct impulses over entire surface

Myelinated axons conduct impulses faster because they jump from node to node

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15
Q

Junction between two neurons

A

Synapse

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16
Q

Groups of neurons that make 100s of synaptic connections to perform a common function

A

Neuronal pools

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17
Q

Neuron receives subthreshold stimuli and becomes more excitable to incoming stimuli

A

Facilitation

18
Q

Differ between convergence and divergence

A

Convergence-impulses from 2 or more incoming axons may converge on a single neuron
Divergence- impulse from 1 axon that may diverge by passing into several output neurons

19
Q

Simple pathway that includes only a few neurons

A

Reflex arc

20
Q

What is reflex behavior

A

Automatic, subconscious responses to changes inside or outside the body

21
Q

Membranes surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

22
Q

Name the 3 layers in meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater

23
Q

4 characteristics of spinal cord

A

31 segments
Cervical enlargement
Lumbar enlargement
Deep anterior groove and shallow posterior grooves extends length of spinal cord

24
Q

Where is the gray and white located in the spine

A

A central core of gray matter surrounded by white matter

25
Q

Functions of spinal cord

A

Provides 2-way communication systems between brain and rest of body
Center for spinal reflexes

26
Q

Ridges on the surface

A

Convolutions (gyri)

27
Q

Shallow groove

A

Sulcus

28
Q

Deep groove

A

Fissure

29
Q

Name the lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

30
Q

Thin layer of gray matter on surface, contains 75% of all neuron cell bodies in nervous system

A

Cerebral cortex

31
Q

Compare grey and white on brain and spinal cord

A

Brain-white matter makes up bulk of cerebrum

Spinal cord-central core of gray matter surrounded by white

32
Q

Function of cerebrum

A

Provides highs brain functions:memory, reasoning, intelligence, personality

33
Q

Function of olfactory bulb

A

Responsible for sense of smell

34
Q

Interconnected cavities within hemispheres and brain stem

A

Ventricles

35
Q

Function of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Protects brain and spinal cord by absorbing shock,
Maintains stable ionic concentration and
Provides pathway to the blood for wastes

36
Q

Function of thalamus

A

Central relay station for incoming sensory impulses

37
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Maintains homeostasis

38
Q

Function of midbrain

A

Reflex centers associated w eye,ear, and head movements

39
Q

Function of pons

A

Transmit impulses (cerebrum to other parts of nervous system) and regulates rate and depth of breathing

40
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A

Centers for cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting

41
Q

Filters incoming sensory impulses arousing cerebral cortex into wakefulness when significant impulses are received

A

Reticular formation

42
Q

Function for cerebellum

A

Reflex center in coordination of skeletal muscle movements and maintenance of equilibrium and maintains posture

Honors Anatomy (18 decks)

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