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ANA 512 Exam 3 > G.I.T. 1 > Flashcards

G.I.T. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

3 identifiers for the esophagus

A
  1. submucosal glands
  2. mixture of sk. mus. and smooth mus.
  3. only adventitia b/c passes through thoracic mediastinum
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2
Q

rugae

A

submucosal folds of the stomach

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3
Q

3 identifiers of stomach

A
  1. no villi
  2. domed/pitted mucosa profile (cobblestone)
  3. little lamina propria due to dense mucosal glands
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4
Q

lumen to distal components of the mucosal tunic

A

epithelium, lamina propria (loose CT), muscularis mucosa

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5
Q

inward from the lamina, what are the muscularis externa components of stomach

A

oblique (fundus region), circular, longitudinal

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6
Q

stomach mucosal epithelium

A

simple columnar

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7
Q

defining feature of the duodenum

A

Brunner’s Glands- SUBMUCOSAL glands that make alkaline mucous (bicarbonate) to combat the acidity of the stomach chyme (pH 2 –> made to pH5)

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8
Q

defining feature of the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

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9
Q

epithelium of colon

A

simple cuboidal (many goblet cells)

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10
Q

outer-most layer of the GI tube

A

adventitia- areolar CT that attaches to local viscera OR

serosa- serous-secreting simple sq. epith. that gives mesenteric support

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11
Q

cardiac glands

A

mucus-secreting in the beginning and end of esophagus, lamina propria mucosal layer

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12
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

thickening of circular smooth mus. between stomach and duodenum

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13
Q

Where are Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexuses found

A

muscularis externa

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14
Q

Modification unique to the colon

A

taeni coli- 3 bands of longitudinal muscularis externa

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15
Q

foveolae

A

separation from the gastric pit to the gastric glands

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16
Q

glands of esophagus and their locations

A
  1. cardiac- lamina propria (@ start and end of esophagus)

2. esophageal glands proper-submucosal

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17
Q

how many glands per gastric pit

A

3-4

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18
Q

the cell types of a gastric gland from the lumen downward

A

mucous neck cells, undifferentiated neck (stem) cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells

19
Q

4 features of Parietal cell appearance

A

large round/ triangular, central nucleus, acidophilic (pale pink) cytoplasm, with CANALICULI on apical surface

20
Q

Parietal/oxynic cells secrete…

A

HCl, intrinsic factor glycoprotein for B12 absorption (erythrocyte maturation)

21
Q

Chief/zymogen/peptic cells secrete…

A

pepsinogen, rennin

22
Q

Mucous neck cell appearance

A

nucleus is flattened along the BM

23
Q

What is the difference between mucous neck cell and Stomach Epithelial Cell sectretions

A

mucous neck cell gives acidic mucin, SEC gives neutral mucin

24
Q

the three regions below the foveolae

A

isthmus, neck and base of gastric gland

25
Q

plicae circularis (valves of Kerckring)

A

submucosa base of villi - longest in jejunum

26
Q

the two varieties of simple columnar epithelium of sm intestine

A
  1. absorptive ENTEROCYTE

2. goblet (increasing from duodenum to ileum)

27
Q

name of mucosal glands in the sm. intestines

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn

28
Q

describe the core of villi outward

A

lacteal and capillaries, [then sm. mus.,] then lamina propria, then epithelium

29
Q

why is there no serosa on the duodenum

A

it lies retroperitoneal (only adventitia)

30
Q

pH of goblet cell mucin ( sm. intes.)

A

low

31
Q

myenteric plexus

A

Auerbach’s - between mus. externa, many nerve bodies

32
Q

purpose of Paneth cells

A

anitmicrobial (lysozyme, Tumor necrosis factor-α and defensins secreted)

33
Q

3 types of entero-endocrine in the sm intestine

A

Cholecystekinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory peptide, secretin

34
Q

where are chylomicrons produced

A

in sER of enterocytes

35
Q

largest endocrine organ of the body

A

enteroendocrine cells of stomach thru colon

36
Q

closed enteroendocrine cells

A

hormones do not reach the lumen- detect distention of the STOMACH

37
Q

gastrin-producing cells

A

stimulate acid and pepsinogen release in stomach

38
Q

CCK

A

cholecystekinin, endocrine cell of sm intes. increases pancreatic sectretion, gallbladder and pyloric sphincter contraction

39
Q

what two endocrine cells combat gastrin producing cells & how?

A

somatostatin- producing in stomach- directly, GIP: gastric inhibitory peptide, of sm intes.- decreases acid production and motilin

40
Q

Secretin

A

endocrine cell of sm intes. secreted in presence of acid and fatty acid. stimulates bicarbonate release from pancreas, insulin release from B cells of Langerhans

41
Q

what is the structural functional unit of the stomach?

A

the gastric gland

42
Q

open type enteroendocrine cell

A

in the SM INTESTINES to detect conditions of the lumen [ex: lipid presence and signal for increased lipase production]

43
Q

what is the only cell type that can be found in both the stomach and in the sm intestines

A

enteroendocrine

ANA 512 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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