G.I. 2 organs

Question 1

extramural

Answer 1

glands outside of the gut tube

Question 2

functional unit of the pancreas

Answer 2

secretory acinus (exocrine) islet (endocrine)

Question 3

4 enzymes secreted by the acinar cells

Answer 3

zymogens: trypsinogen, trypsin inhibitor, amylase, ribonuclease, lipase

Question 4

centroacinar cells

Answer 4

the first duct cells overlapping the acinar cells, secreting bicarbonate in response to secretin- REDUCES pH of LUMEN AND SOLUBLIZES EXCRETIONS

Question 5

morphology of intercalated, intralobular (Secretory), interlobular cells

Answer 5

low cuboidal and cuboidal and low columnar respectively.

Question 6

what causes pancreatic acini to secrete

Answer 6

CCK and vagal stimulation (paracrine/ACh)

Question 7

Alpha cell function and location

Answer 7

secretes glucagon (to signal liver to break down glycogen) - more toward the edge of islet

Question 8

Beta cell function and location

Answer 8

secretes insulin (antagonist to Alpha cells) signals liver to take up glucose- more in center of islet

Question 9

Delta cell function and location

Answer 9

secretes paracrine somatostatin to pull down secretions from both B and A type cells- throughout islet/ more peripheral

Question 10

why are liver sinusoidal epithelia unique

Answer 10

they contain both simple squamous and Kupffer cells (fixed macrophages)

Question 11

why is hepatocyte sER well developed

Answer 11

buecause of glycogen production, detoxification

Question 12

what are the 3 types of hepatocyte junctions

Answer 12

cell-to-cell, bile canaliculi, perisinusoidal space of Disse

Question 13

to what direction does the space of Disse flow

Answer 13

toward the lymph of the triad

Question 14

describe the polarity of acinar cells

Answer 14

that are basophilic on the basal laminar side (rER) and zymogen granule containing on their apical side

Question 15

how are endocrine portions of pancreas hsitologically distinguished from exocrine portions

Answer 15

islets are paler staining, more vascular

Question 16

portal area

Answer 16

the hilus of the liver that brings arterioles, portal venules, lymph and bile together in a CT septa throughout the hepatocyte plates

Question 17

All constituents of the portal are flow toward the central vein EXCEPT…

Answer 17

bile and lymph

Question 18

what space leads to the gall bladder

Answer 18

the Canal of Hering from the bile canaliculi between hepatocytes

Question 19

Space of Mall

Answer 19

where the perisinusoidal Space of Disse empties to lymph vessel

Question 20

functional unit of the liver

Answer 20

lobule

Question 21

what type of surface modification do hepatocytes have

Answer 21

microvilli (absorption, secretion), tight junctions between bile canaliculi

Question 22

The layers of the gallbladder

Answer 22

simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis, adventitia/serosa

Question 23

profile of the gallbladder

Answer 23

mucosal folds

Question 24

what about the smooth muscle of the gall bladder differs from all other smooth muscle

Answer 24

it responds to CCK

Question 25

how ca one differentiate interlobubular from intralubular ducts

Answer 25

interlobular has a CT lining

Question 26

to what structure do liver sinusoids flow toward

Answer 26

central veins