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NOSS > The blind eye > Flashcards

The blind eye Flashcards

1
Q

What is symblepharon?

A

Conjunctiva attaches to cornea Any part of the conjunctiva can attach

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2
Q

What infection is symblepharon commonly seen with?

A

Feline herpesvirus type 1

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3
Q

What causes pigmentary keratitis?

A

Entropion, distichiasis and euryblepharon

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4
Q

What is pigmentary keratitis?

A

Pigmented sclera and cornea

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5
Q

What do persistent pupillary membranes look like?

A

Strands originating from iris colourette and go to the cornea and lens Can cause corneal opacity or lens opacity

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of uveitis?

A

Flare, hypopion, hyphema (diffuse or localised), synechia and decreased intraoclular pressure

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7
Q

How do you differentiate between PPMs and posterior synechia?

A

Look for where adhesion comes from as synechia appear from edge of iris not the middle

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8
Q

What are the complications of uveitis?

A

Corneal oedema, cataracts, synechiae, PIFMs, retinal detachment, lens luxation in cats and glaucoma

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9
Q

What are the causes of uveal problems?

A

Systemic hypertension Infectious agents (FeLV, FIV, Toxoplasma, Cryptococcus, bacteria) Immune mediated Neoplasia (lymphoma/metastatic adenocarcinoma)

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10
Q

What causes reflex uveitis?

A

Complicated ulcers

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11
Q

What is the treatment for uveitis?

A

Treat cause, systemic anti-inflammatories and topical anti-inflammatory treatment

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12
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Opacity of the lens impeding light transmission

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13
Q

What is the relationship between cataracts and uveitis?

A

Causes uveitis by phacolysisphacoclastic processes where protein leaks into aqueous humour and is seen as foreign leading to a massive inflammatory reaction Sequel to uveitis due to poor nourishment of the lens and altered chemistry of the aqueous humour

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14
Q

Describe the characteristics of inherited cataracts

A

Breed related and rarely congenital (juvenile or adult onset) Morphology and progression genetically determined Labs and Staffies get posterior bullae type

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of congenital cataracts?

A

Rarely inherited Always nuclear Can cause severe visual deficits

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16
Q

Describe traumatic cataracts

A

From foreign bodies/cat scratches Might need removal of the lens via phacoemulsification and suturing of corneal deficit induces phacoclastic uveitis

17
Q

What is the pathophysiology of the metabolic cause of cataracts?

A

Diabetes mellitus increases blood glucose which increases level of glucose in aqueous humour so more glucose moves into the lens resulting in a high lens concentration of glucose which is converted into sorbitol which is highly osmotically active so water moves into the lens and it becomes swollen

18
Q

Why are nutritional cataracts more uncommon now?

A

It is caused by puppies and kittens being fed inappropriate milk replacement which doesn’t happen now there are suitable commercial diets available

19
Q

How does progressive retinal atrophy cause cataracts?

A

It releases toxins such as glutamate

20
Q

What do senile cataracts look like?

A

In the cortex, wedge shaped lesions, severity dependent on size of defect

21
Q

What vitreal diseases can cause blindness?

A

Persistent hyaloid artery and primary vitreous generally seen in young Pinschers and Schnauzers

22
Q

What are the three main types of retinal dysplasia?

A

Retinal folds, geographic and retinal detachment

23
Q

What breeds is retinal dysplasia inherited in?

A

CKCS and ESS

24
Q

What is the progression of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)?

A

Night blindness-> day blindness Starts in middle age and leads to cataracts

25
Q

What are the clinical examination findings of PRA?

A

Hyperreflective tapetum, vascular attenuation and in late stages cataracts

26
Q

What drug causes retinal toxicity?

A

Enrofloxacin

27
Q

What is SARDS?

A

Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome Acute/sub-acute vision loss and is diagnosed by electroretinography

28
Q

What are the causes of retinal detachment?

A

Inflammatory = retina pushed by fluid, looks bullous Disinsertional = retina loses peripheral attachments, folds down and see ribbon like white structure

29
Q

What causes optic neuritis?

A

Distemper, ehrilichia and cryptococcus

30
Q

What does optic neuritis look like clinically?

A

Hyperaemia of the papilla, vascular congestion and peripapillary haemorrhages

31
Q

What other optic nerve disease can caused blindness?

A

Optic nerve meningioma

32
Q

What is Collie Eye Anomally?

A

Combination of choroidal hypoplasia and optic nerve head coloboma Can develop retinal detachment and hyphoma or vitreal haemorrhage

NOSS (27 decks)

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