Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

0
Q

What is a photon

A

A photon is a Discrete bundle (or quantum) of electromagnetic (or light) energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process by which solar energy is converted into energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates.
It creates sugars and starches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An autotroph is an organism that can use the sun’s energy directly to produce food from simple inorganic molecules. Green plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Heterotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs are organism that cannot use the sun’s energy directly but rather obtain energy from the foods that they eat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light generates…

A

Glucose, water, and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a pigment?

A

A pigment is a substance that absorbs or reflects light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a common pigment and what does it do in relation to the plant?

A

Chlorophyll is a common pigment and is the transducer pigment plants utilize.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does chlorophyll do with light?

A

Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light but does not absorb light in the middle region. Green, yellow, and orange. In the fall the production of chlorophyll goes down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does absorbed light turn into energy?

A

The light raises electrons to a higher energy level.

The higher energy electrons are then trapped in chemical through a series of reactions which create new substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a redox?

A

Redox is REDUCTION-OXIDATION REACTIONS. It is the mechanism by which electrons are transferred from one substance to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electronically speaking, what does a redox mean?

A

Reduction-oxidation reaction means oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance.
Reduction is the addition of electrons to a substance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is photosynthetic reaction also a redox reaction?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in oxidation?

A

Water molecules are split to produce oxygen and in the process release electrons and hydrogen ions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to carbon dioxide when when its reduced?

A

Carbon dioxide is reduced by adding electrons and hydrogen ions to make sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two ways to trap solar energy?

A

1) NADPH (electron carrier)

2) ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the electron carrier?

A

An electron carrier is a molecule that can pass the high energy electrons to another compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What electron carrier do plants use?

A

Plants use an electron carrier called NADP+
From there NADP+ is converted to NADPH and thereby contains two high energy electrons.
Electron transport system and NADPH shuttle electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is ATP?

A

APT is adenosine triphosphate. It is composed of adenine, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. (Each additional phosphate group adds more energy.)

18
Q

What happens when phosphate bonds are broken down?

A

The breaking of the phosphate bonds by specific enzymes released energy.
ATP can be used in just about every type of cellular activity.

19
Q

What are the 2 steps in photosynthesis?

A

Light reactions and dark reactions

20
Q

What does the light reaction do?

A

It forms NADPH AND ATP from sunlight.

21
Q

Glucose stores what?

A

Glucose stores NADPH AND ATP.

They are not stable enough over the long term.

22
Q

How much more energy can glucose hold?

A

Glucose is a more efficient storage medium and can store up to 100 times more energy than an ATP phosphate group?

23
Q

Where do light reactions take place?

A

Light reactions occur in the chloroplasts.

24
Q

Where in the chloroplasts does the light reaction occur?

A

On the PHOTOSYNTHETIC MEMBRANES of the thylakoid which contain the pigment chlorophyll.

25
Q

What do the photosynthetic membranes of the thylakoid contain?

A

It contains the pigment chlorophyll.

The photosynthetic membranes contains clusters of pigment molecules.

26
Q

What does the chlorophyll do?

A

Chlorophyll and other accessory pigment molecules absorb light in different areas of the light spectrum.

27
Q

What happens after the light energy is absorbed?

A

It passes along until it reaches a special chlorophyll molecule in the reaction center of the photosystem which releases high energy electrons.

28
Q

What is a photosystem?

A

A photosystem is a collection of pigments with a reaction center

29
Q

How is ATP generated?

A

Electrons are passed through a series of electron carriers (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)

30
Q

What happens last the the electrons in the light reaction?

A

The electrons are passed to NADP+ converting it to NADPH.

31
Q

How does chlorophyll replenish electrons?

A

The electrons are taken from two water molecules which leaves 2 hydrogen ions and 2 oxygen atoms. And then the 2 oxygen atoms are combined to form O2 which is then released into the atmosphere.

32
Q

Where are the hydrogen ions released?

A

Hydrogen ions are released or pumped inside the thylakoid

33
Q

In addition, as electrons are passed from chlorophyll to NADP+ more hydrogen ions are pumped across the membrane. What Results in…

A

A positively charged inside of the thylakoid while the outside stroma becomes negatively charged.
The charge difference is also a source of energy.

34
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

It is when an enzyme (ATP synthase) in the photosystem then uses this energy to attach a phosphate molecule to ADP and generate more energy in the form of ATP.

35
Q

Where do dark reactions occur?

A

The dark reactions can occur in the light but do not need light in order to proceed.

36
Q

What is Calvin’s cycle

A

Calvin’s cycle is when co2 is used 2 as a building block to make complex organic molecules. It is a circular series of reactions also called Calvin’s cycle.

37
Q

The Calvin’s cycle is slow so it needs to be catalyzed and the enzyme responsible is called…

A

Rubisco

38
Q

It catalyzed…

A

It catalyzes the reaction of co2 and ribose biphosphate (RuBP) and makes a 3 phosphoglyceric acid.

39
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the plant cell thereby the world?

A

RUBISCO!

40
Q

What is produced in Calvin’s cycle?

A

Sugar

41
Q

ATP and NADPH are then used to produce what?

A

ATP and NADPH are then used 2 produce PGAL which is 1/6 times will produce glucose.

42
Q

Other Calvin cycle intermediaries can be used to make lipids and proteins which are then used for energy and cell material production.

A

I hope u no that!

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions