Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathophysiology Lab > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Motor control, eye movement control, logical thinking and planning, personality, and speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where it the frontal lobe located?

A

Pre-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

Frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Speech production; actually the saying the words that you think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

A

Sensory and taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where its the parietal love located?

A

Post-central gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision; figuring out what you see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Hearing, equilibrium, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area located?

A

Temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Understanding speech; making sense of the words spoken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Temperature, how you perceive pain, and homeostasis (blood pressure, hormones from pituitary, produces ADH and Oxytocin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the thalamus responsible for?

A

Filters information going to the brain and lets some pass and stops other - secretary; sends messages to consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Muscle memory; motor movement you don’t have to think about, static equilibrium, propresoceptoin (knowing where the body is in space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the corpus callous responsible for?

A

Allows communication from he body to the brain; crosses over (right side of the body goes to the left side of the brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the basal nuclei responsible for?

A

Regulation of mood and complex behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which branch of the spine do we find lateral horns in the vertebrae?

A

Thoracic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the dorsal (posterior) horn?

A

Receive sensory information from the body and sends it onward to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the ventral (anterior) horn?

A

Sends out motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the lateral horn?

A

Houses cell bodies that coordinate with the sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does myelination of axons affect the nervous system?

A

Increases speed of synapses due to jumping from one axon the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the diameter of axons affect the nervous system?

A

A great diameter increases the speed of the synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are Schawnn cells?

A

Myelinated axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelinated axons in the central nervous system (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the ascending pathway

A

Impulses are sent from the body to the spinal cord. Impulse enters through the dorsal horn and then the information crosses over to the other side and continue up through the spinal cord to the thalamus. Information ends up in the somatosensory cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which tract is pain carried on?

A

Spinothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is detected in damaged tissues that signals pain?

A

K+, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pain in the peripheral body send which neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate, substance P, and nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do the neurotransmitters synapse in the spinal cord?

A

Use of nitric oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe the somatic sensory pathway

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the descending pathway

A

The information goes down trough the thalamus, down the spinal cord, crosses over at the dorsal horn and releases neurotransmitters to alleviate pain. The information is sent out to the body from the spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What part of the brain influences how you perceive pain?

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the receptors for pain called?

A

Nociceptors

34
Q

The hypothalamus release which neurotransmitters as a response to pain?

A

Norepinephrine, GABA, serotonin, and opioids (endorphins and enkephalins)

35
Q

What do opioids do?

A

The reduce the amount of substance P and glutamate while not picking up on nitric oxide.

36
Q

Name the main structures of the eye

A

Cornea, iris, pupil, lens, sclera, chorioid, retina, macula densa, fovea, optic disk (blind spot), and optic nerve

37
Q

Where is the aqueous humor produced in the eye?

A

Ciliary body

38
Q

What happens when there is increased fluid in the chamber and the pressure is increased and pushes into the vitreous body?

A

Glaucoma - kills cells on the other side and loose peripheral vision

39
Q

What does the lens do?

A

It is responsible for focusing; it’s connected to the ciliary muscles to relax or contract

40
Q

When the lens is relaxed what is it’s shape?

A

Round = close vision

41
Q

When the lens is constricted what is it’s shape?

A

Flat = far sighted vision

42
Q

Define presbyopia

A

As we age the lens loses its elasticity (prevents from rounding) can no longer see up close

43
Q

What is housed in the retina?

A

Rods and cones

44
Q

What are the rods responsible for?

A

Peripheral vision; black and white

45
Q

What are the cones responsible for?

A

light; color vision

46
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Place in the retina at the back of the eye where the light should be hitting to producing correct vision

47
Q

What do you find in the macula dense?

A

Rods

48
Q

Define myopia

A

Nearsighted vision due to the eye being too long

49
Q

Define hyperopia

A

Farsighted vision due to the eye being too short

50
Q

Name the main structures of the ear

A

Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, bone ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes), oval window, round window, eustachian tube, cochlea, and semicircular canals

51
Q

What is the path of sound?

A

Starts at the auricle, then goes through the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, bone ossicles, oval window, cochlea, and semicircular canals.

52
Q

Do kids or teachers hear at a higher frequency?

A

Kids

53
Q

What are the semicircular canals responsible for?

A

Detect body motion and keep balance

54
Q

Define vertigo

A

Feeling like you are spinning when you are really not

55
Q

Define full consciousness

A

Oriented X3 - who, where, and when

56
Q

Define confusion

A

Can’t think rapidly or clearly

57
Q

Define disoriented

A

Don’t know or are not able to think and answer - lose the when, then the place

58
Q

Define tethargy

A

Not able to move very much; not oriented X3

59
Q

Define obtendation

A

Can be aroused, but will fall asleep when not aroused

60
Q

Define stupor

A

Condition where patient is only able to be aroused due to painful or vigorous stimuli

61
Q

Define light coma

A

Won’t talk, but can sense pain purposeful movement

62
Q

Define coma

A

No purposeful movement

63
Q

Define deep coma

A

Non-responsive

64
Q

Define amblyopia

A

Stimuli from one eye are ignored, and the eye tends to wander

65
Q

Define Huntington’s

A

A trinucleotide repeat disorder on chromosome 4

66
Q

Define aneurysm

A

Bulbous distention of a vessel

67
Q

Define anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to form new memories

68
Q

Define coup injury

A

Damage to the brain behind the area of trauma

69
Q

Define aphaisia

A

Difficulty with the production or interpretation of speech

70
Q

Define Alzhemier’s

A

Loss of cognitive function due to progressive formation of beta-amyloid plaques

71
Q

Define tonsillar herniation

A

Increased ICP in the infratentorium forces cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum

72
Q

Define Guillian-Barre syndrome

A

Autoimmune destruction of myelin sheath created by Schawnn cells

73
Q

Define Parkinson’s

A

Idiopathic loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantial nigra

74
Q

Define strabismus

A

Deviation of one eye when look at a specific object

75
Q

Define encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain caused by viruses that can be carried by mosquitoes

76
Q

Define amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Disease where a patient loses upper and lower motor neuron function

77
Q

Define spastic paralysis

A

Rigidity that is characterized by the loss of upper motor neurons

78
Q

Define Multiple Sclerosis

A

Autoimmune destruction of oligodendrocytes

79
Q

Define epilepsy

A

Disease characterized by susceptibility to have seizures

80
Q

Define spinal shock

A

Loss of function below a lesion in the spinal cord; function may or may not be returned

Pathophysiology Lab (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions