Part 4 Flashcards
According to the biomedical model, illness is:
A. a complex interplay between biological, psychological and social factors
B. a consequence of physical pathology or disequilibrium
C. the result of poor nutrition and lack of exercise
D. the consequence of spirit possession
B. a consequence of physical pathology or disequilibrium
The biomedical model holds the view that health outcomes are influenced by physiology, with health occurring when the body is in a state of equilibrium, and illness being a consequence of physical pathology or disequilibrium.
What are the three models of health?
A. Biomedical, psychological and sociological
B. Biochemical, psychiatric and historical
C. Biopsychosocial, physiological and cultural
D. Cultural, political and historical
A. Biomedical, psychological and sociological
Each of these models includes a range of features that influence health.
Which model of health would be interested in looking at differences in health between different cultural groups?
A. Sociological
B. Psychological
C. Biomedical
D. All the above
A. Sociological
The sociological model identifies social, cultural, ethnicity, economics, politics and environment as factors influencing health.
Which model of health would consider that feelings and thoughts might influence health?
A. Psychological
B. Biomedical
C. Sociological
D. All the above
A. Psychological
The psychological model identifies thoughts, feelings, behaviours, unconscious drives, learning and environment as factors influencing health.
The biopsychosocial model was first proposed in 1977 by:
A. Freud
B. Skinner
C. Marmot
D. Engel
D. Engel
The biopsychosocial model was first proposed by Engel in 1977. It is holistic in approach and thereby avoids the mind–body split inherent in the biomedical model.
What were the four determinants of health as proposed in 1981 by LaLonde?
A. Behaviour, cognition, feelings and culture
B. Physiology, ecology, psychology and cognition
C. Biology, environment, lifestyle and healthcare organisation
D. Political, social, emotional and historical
C. Biology, environment, lifestyle and healthcare organisation
In 1981 LaLonde, the Canadian Minister of National Health and Welfare, described four general determinants of health that he called human biology, environment, lifestyle and healthcare organisation.
According to the ____________ model of health, things such as culture, ethnicity and politics influence health.
A. psychological
B. sociological
C. social
D. cultural
B. sociological
Factors that influence health in a sociological model of health are social, cultural, ethnicity, economics, politics and environment.
The five strategies that aim to achieve ‘health for all’ are collectively known as the:
A. Ottawa Charter
B. Alma Ata
C. World Health Organization
D. Biopsychosocial model
A. Ottawa Charter
Participants at the first WHO International Conference on Health Promotion developed an action framework of five strategies (the Ottawa Charter) to achieve health for all. These five strategies have become the cornerstone of the primary health care/new public health movement.
An individual’s perceived ability to perform a certain task or achieve a specific goal in a given situation is known as:
A. type A personality
B. locus of control
C. resilience
D. self-efficacy
D. self-efficacy
The concept of self-efficacy was first described by Bandura. It stresses the importance of the individual’s perceptions and beliefs about his or her personal control in a particular circumstance. However, self-efficacy also takes into account the expectation the person has about the consequences of action taken or not taken.
People who are competitive, impatient, time conscious, hostile and unable to relax are sometimes categorised as having what kind of personality?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Obsessive compulsive personality
D. Type D
A. Type A
The first description of a personality style that was purported to influence health was the type A personality type. It was described by two American cardiologists who observed personality traits in their patients that they believed predisposed these patients to the risk of cardiovascular disease (Freidman & Rosenman 1959). Individuals with this personality type were considered to be competitive, impatient, time conscious, hostile, unable to relax and had rapid, loud speech.
The life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is approximately _____ years fewer than that of other Australians.
A. 4–6
B. 15–17
C. 10–12
D. 18–20
C. 10–12
The life expectancy at birth of Indigenous Australians is 70.0 years in comparison with other Australians, whose life expectancy at birth is 82 years.
Health and health outcomes are most influenced by:
A. medical, social and legal issues
B. genetics and education
C. body mass index and marital status
D. biological, psychological and social factors
D. biological, psychological and social factors
Health and health outcomes are influenced by a complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors.
A personality trait where someone is able to withstand and overcome adversity is called:
A. type A
B. type B
C. type D
D. resilience
D. resilience
Resilience is another personality trait that is linked to health outcomes. The word has a Latin derivation and means ‘to spring back’.
Western developed countries like Australia and New Zealand generally believe that the individual is responsible for health.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Western developed nations have an individualistic view of health, ascribing responsibility for health to the individual.
Men generally live longer than women.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Life expectancy of women in Australia and New Zealand is up to four years greater than that of men.
