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PPO II > NCT for Clerkships > Flashcards

NCT for Clerkships Flashcards

1
Q

What things can create large changes in IOP?

A 
Rate of filtration
Change of rate of production
Body position
Blood pressure
External pressure on the globe
Central venous pressure
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2
Q

A decrease in filtration leads to a ___ in IOP.

A

Increase

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3
Q

According to the Beaver Dam Eye study, reduced IOP is associated with what?

A

Reduced systemic blood pressure

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4
Q

What is perfusion pressure?

A

The balance between the blood pressure and the IOP

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5
Q

What is the perfusion pressure equation?

A

Diasolic BP - IOP = perfusion pressure

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6
Q

What is autoregulation?

A

The intrinsic tendency of an organ to maintain constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure to that organ by increasing vascular resistance of the smaller retinal vessels

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7
Q

What things may cause an IOP increase due to external pressure?

A

Blepharospam/forceful closure
Digital pressure
Tumor
Varix

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8
Q

How is central venous pressure calculated?

A

1/2 of IOP

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9
Q

What is central venous pressure?

A

The amount of blood flow at the vena cava returning to the heart

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10
Q

What does central venous pressure rise?

A

Too much IV fluid

Heart attack

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11
Q

When does central venous pressure decrease?

A

Blood loss

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12
Q

What is the glaucoma triad?

A

Increased IOP
Optic nerve damage
Visual function loss

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13
Q

An acute increase in IOP may cause what?

A

Nausea
Pain
Halos

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14
Q

What is phtisis bulbi?

A

When IOP is decreased to the point where the eye begins to “deflate”

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15
Q

When is IOP the highest?

A

Early morning

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16
Q

When is IOP the lowest?

A

Early evening

17
Q

How much variation does can arterial pulse cause in IOP?

A

2-4 mm Hg

18
Q

How much higher is IOP in the suping position vs seated?

A

2-3 mm Hg

19
Q

How much reduction is there in IOP during aerobic exercise?

A

20%

20
Q

How much can external pressure on the globe increase IOP?

A

5-20 mm Hg

21
Q

What drugs decrease IOP?

A

Clonidine and beta-blockers

Marijuana

22
Q

What drugs may increase IOP?

A

Steriods

23
Q

Initially an injury to the eye decreases IOP. Why?

A

The initial injury shuts own the ciliary body, thus stopping aqueous production and decreasing IOP

24
Q

After the initial decrease in IOP due to injury, what occurs?

A

Inflammatory cells clog the trabecular meshwork and increase the IOP

25
Q

Corneal hysteresis can cause what to happen to the results of IOP?

A

A thick cornea can cause a false high IOP reading

26
Q

What is the average thickness of the cornea?

A

560 microns

27
Q

What is the average IOP?

A

15.5 mm Hg

28
Q

What is the normal range for IOP?

A

8-23 mm Hg

29
Q

Asymmetry of how many mm Hg is considered significant?

A

2 mm Hg

30
Q

A diurnal variation of how many mm Hg is considered significant?

A

4 mm Hg

PPO II (16 decks)

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