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BDS 1 > 2nd Formative B 2017 > Flashcards

2nd Formative B 2017 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Which one of the following best describes the diaphragm?
  2. It is active in both inspiration and expiration
  3. It receives its blood supply entirely from lower intercostal and subcostal arteries
  4. The aorta is transmitted through an opening in the left crus
  5. The left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space
  6. The phrenic nerve branches run medially on its thoracic surface
A
  1. The left dome may ascend to the 5th intercostal space
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2
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the parietal pleura?
  2. Cervical
  3. Costal
  4. Diaphragmatic
  5. Mediastinal
  6. Visceral
A
  1. Visceral
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3
Q
  1. Which one of the following muscles plays a major role during
    quiet inspiration?
  2. Abdominal
  3. Internal intercostals
  4. External intercostals
  5. Scalene
  6. Sternocleidomastoid
A
  1. External intercostals
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4
Q
  1. CO2 is transported in the blood in which one of the following
    combinations (approximately)?
  2. 10% as bicarbonate, 40% as carbamino compounds and 50% dissolved
  3. 30% as bicarbonate, 60% as carbamino compounds and 10% dissolved
  4. 40% as bicarbonate, 40% as carbamino compounds and 20% dissolved
  5. 50% as bicarbonate, 20% as carbamino compounds and 30% dissolved
  6. 70% as bicarbonate, 20% as carbamino compounds and 10% dissolved
A
  1. 70% as bicarbonate, 20% as carbamino compounds and 10% dissolved
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5
Q
  1. Inhalation is inhibited by increased activity of which one of the
    following?
  2. Apneustic centre
  3. Dorsal respiratory group
  4. Glossopharyngeal nerve
  5. Phrenic nerve
  6. Pneumotaxic centre
A
  1. Pneumotaxic centre
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6
Q 
10. Asthma can be worsened by which one of the following class of
drugs?
  1. β-adrenoceptor agonists
  2. β-adrenoceptor antagonists
  3. Muscarinic receptor agonists
  4. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
  5. Steroids
A
  1. β-adrenoceptor antagonists
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7
Q
  1. Macula densa cells sense changes in which one of the following
    solutes?
  2. Adenosine
  3. Glucose
  4. Plasma renin levels
  5. Potassium chloride
  6. Sodium chloride
A
  1. Sodium chloride
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8
Q
  1. Glomerular filtration rate can be calculated using any substance
    that has which one the following properties?
  2. is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the nephron
  3. is freely filtered and completely reabsorbed by the nephron
  4. is freely filtered and completely secreted by the nephron
  5. is selectively filtered and selectively reabsorbed by the nephron
  6. is selectively filtered by the nephron
A
  1. is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the nephron
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9
Q
  1. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has which one of the following
    actions?
  2. Decreased contraction of atria of the heart
  3. Decreased production of renin and aldesterone but not ADH
  4. Increased excretion of Na+ but not water
  5. Inhibits the effects of ADH and causes renal vasodilatation
  6. Renal vasoconstriction
A
  1. Inhibits the effects of ADH and causes renal vasodilatation
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10
Q
  1. Aldosterone promotes which one of the following?
  2. Excretion of Na+
  3. Hyperkalaemia
  4. Hypokalaemia
  5. Hypovolumaemia
  6. Reabsorption of K+
A
  1. Hypokalaemia
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11
Q
  1. Which one of the following best describes the mechanism of
    diuretic action for thiazide diuretics?
  2. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
  3. Inhibition of sodium chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubule
  4. Inhibition of sodium transport at the loop of Henle
  5. Osmotic diuresis; similar to mannitol
  6. Reduced glomerular filtration rates
A
  1. Inhibition of sodium chloride reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubule
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12
Q
  1. What type of epithelium lines the upper oesophagus?
  2. Simple columnar
  3. Simple cuboidal
  4. Simple squamous
  5. Stratifed squamous
  6. Transitional
A
  1. Stratifed squamous
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13
Q
  1. The cell that produces defensins and lysozyme to control bacterial
    levels in the small intestine is which one of the following?
  2. APUD cell
  3. B-lymphocyte
  4. Goblet cell
  5. Paneth cell
  6. T-lymphocyte
A
  1. Paneth cell
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14
Q
  1. Bile, vitamin B12, and gastric intrinsic factor are absorbed in which
    part of the gut?
  2. Colon
  3. Duodenum
  4. Ileum
  5. Jejenum
  6. Stomach
A
  1. Ileum
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15
Q
  1. Which one of the following is the primary function of
    movements of the duodenum?
  2. Mixing of the chyme with pancreatic juice
  3. Reabsorption of the breakdown products of digestion
  4. Secretion of mucus to facilitate flow of the chime
  5. Storage of the chime
  6. Transport of the chyme to the ileum
A
  1. Mixing of the chyme with pancreatic juice
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16
Q
  1. Gastric acid secretion is inhibited by which one of the following?
  2. Acetylcholine
  3. cAMP
  4. Gastrin
  5. Histamine
  6. Somatostatin
A
  1. Somatostatin
17
Q
  1. Upstream promoter elements in eukaryotes are best described by
    which one of the following?
  2. Nucleotide sequences that act as binding sites for RNA polymerase.
  3. Nucleotide sequences that regulate the efficiency of transcription initiation.
  4. Nucleotide sequences that contain the TATA box.
  5. Proteins that enhance RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
  6. Proteins that inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter.
A
  1. Nucleotide sequences that regulate the efficiency of transcription initiation.
18
Q
  1. Which one of the following best describes exons as regions of
    DNA?
  2. Are equivalent to the mature mRNA
  3. Are equivalent to the sequences that are translated
  4. Are regions that regulate gene expression
  5. Are sequences removed from RNA during post-transcriptional processing
  6. Are silent mutations
A
  1. Are equivalent to the mature mRNA
19
Q
  1. Okasaki fragments are best described by which one of the
    following?
  2. fragments of E. coli DNA polymerase I that have 5’ exonuclease activity.
  3. fragments of E. coli DNA polymerase I that have 3’ exonuclease activity.
  4. fragments of the continuous strand of nascent DNA during replication.
  5. fragments of the discontinuous strand of nascent DNA during replication.
  6. fragments of the template DNA during replication
A
  1. fragments of the discontinuous strand of nascent DNA during replication.
20
Q
  1. At what age should a child have all of their deciduous (milky) teeth?
  2. 6 months
  3. 9 months
  4. 12 months
  5. 3 years
  6. 7 years
A
  1. 3 years
21
Q
  1. At the end of gastrulation stage of embryonic development,
    ectoderm is the outermost layer of the embryo and endoderm is the
    innermost layer, with mesoderm sandwiched between them.

Which one of the following systems originates from the ENDODERM?

  1. Blood
  2. Circulatory system
  3. Gastrointestinal tract
  4. Nervous system
  5. Skeleton
A
  1. Gastrointestinal tract

BDS 1 (24 decks)

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