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Histology > 2nd Sem M2 > Flashcards

2nd Sem M2 Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What are the muscles of the Auricle innervated by?

A

Facial Nerve

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2
Q

Solar Elastosis

A

Damage to skin Dermis by UV causing black-stained masses of disorganized fibers

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3
Q

Blood supply of Auricle

A
  • Supf. Temporal A
  • Ant. Auricular A
  • Post. Auricular A
    (ECA)
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4
Q

Innervation of External acoustic canal

A
  • Auriculotemporal N
  • Facial N
  • Glossopharyngeal N
  • Auricular Br. of Vagus
    (GAFAX)
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5
Q

Subdivisions of Tympanic Cavity

A

1) Epitympanum
2) Mesotympanum
3) Hypotympanum

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6
Q

Posterior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Mastoid Wall
- Aditus to mastoid antrum
- Pyramidal Eminence (stapedius)
- Canaliculus for Chorda Tympani
- Fossa Incudis
- Lat. semicircular canal

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7
Q

Inferior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Jugular Wall
- Opening of Tympanic Canaliculus
- Tympanic N. of CN9 to medial wall

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8
Q

Superior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Tegmental Wall
- Tegmen Tympani
- Groove for Lesser Petrosal N.

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9
Q

Anterior wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Carotid Wall
- Caroticotympanic canaliculi
- Caroticotympanic nn. (symp.)
- Tympanic branches of ICA
- Musculotubarian canal
- Chochleariform Process

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10
Q

Medial wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Labyrinthine Wall
- Promontory
- Tympanic Plexus
- Fenestra Vestibuli
- Fenestra Cochleae
- Prominence of Facial Canal

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11
Q

Lateral wall of Tympanic Cavity

A

Membranous Wall
- Anterior/Posterior Malleolar Folds
- Pars flaccida & Pars tensa

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12
Q

What makes up the Tympanic Plexus

A
  • Tympanic N. (CN 9)
  • Caroticotympanic nn. (symp.)
  • Communicating Br. of Facial N.
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13
Q

What forms the Lesser Petrosal nerves

A

Secretomotor Fibers
- Out: Foramen ovale
- To: Otic ggl.
(auriculotemp. n. to parotid gland)

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14
Q

Ossicular Chain

A

1) Malleus
2) Incus
3) Stapes

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15
Q

Ligaments of Ossicles

A
  • Malleus = 3 Ligaments
  • Incus & Stapes = 1 Ligament each
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16
Q

Which Ligament connects to Fossa Incudis

A

Posterior Ligament of Incus

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17
Q

What Ligament Borders Prussak’s Space

A

Lateral Malleolar Ligament

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18
Q

Annular Ligament

A

Attaches the foot/base of Stapes to the Fenestra Vestibuli (Oval window)

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19
Q

1st Ossicular Articulation

A

Incudomalleolar Joint
- Head of Malleus
- Body of Incus
- Saddle-shaped

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20
Q

2nd Ossicular Articulation

A

Incudostapedial Joint
- Lenticular process of Incus
- Head of Stapes

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21
Q

Specifics of Ossicular articulations

A
  • Covered by articular (Hyalin) Cartilage
  • Synovial membrane Capsules
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22
Q

Tensor Tympani Muscle

A
  • Tenses Tympanic Membrane
  • Pushes Stapes footplate into Oval window
  • Inn: Mandibular N.
  • From cartilaginous part of tube to handle of Malleus
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23
Q

Stapedius Muscle

A
  • Helps damp down excessive sound vibration
  • Opposes action of Tensor Tympani
  • Stapedial N. of CN8
  • From Pyramidal eminence to neck of stapes
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24
Q

Chorda Tympani Path

A

1) Enters tympanic cavity through posterior canaliculus
2) Crosses over upper part of handle of Malleus
3) Exits through anterior canaliculus
4) Exits skull at petrotympanic fissure

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25
Chorda Tympani Sensation
- Parasympathetic fibers to Submandibular and Sublingual glands (via submandibular ggl.) - Taste fibers from anterior 2/3 of Tongue
26
Blood Supply of Tympanic Cavity
- Caroticotympanic A. (ICA) - Stylomastoid A. (post. auric.) - Inf. Tympanic A. (asc. pharyng) - Post. Tympanic A. (stylomastoid) - Ant. Tympanic A. (maxillary) - Sup. Tympanic A. (mid. mening) - Deep Auricular A. (maxillary)
27
Recesses in Vestibule
- Elliptic Recess (Utricle) - Spheric Recess (Saccule) - Cochlear Recess
28
What duct is found in the Utricle/Elliptic recess
Endolymphatic Duct / Vestibular Aqueduct
29
What connects the Cochlear duct to Saccule?
Ductus Reuniens
30
Perilymph
- Fills bony labyrinth around the membranous labyrinth - Mechanical Protection - Produced by Periosteum Vessels - Interstitial fluid
31
Endolymph
- Fills membranous labyrinth - Produced by Stria Vascularis (cochlea) - Intracellular Fluid
32
Cells of Stria Vascularis
- Marginal Cells (Darker) - Basal Cells
33
What covers the basilar membrane?
Layer of squamous perilymphatic cells
34
Vestibular/Reissner's membrane composition
2 Layers of squamous epithelium separated by a basal lamina (may contain collagen fibers)
35
Blood Supply of Labyrinth
1) Labyrinthine A. 2) - Common Cochlear A - Ant. Vestibular A 3) CCA --> - Spiral A Vestibulocochlear A
36
Cochlea Specialized Neuroepithelia
Corti-Organ
37
Saccula/Utricle Specialized Neuroepithelia
Static Receptors
38
Semicircular ducts Specialized Neuroepithelia
Kinetic Receptors
39
Functions of Vestibular System
- Perception of movement and orientation in space - To maintain equilibrium
40
Ampullary Crest
- In Semicircular ducts - Angular acceleration (rotation) - Kinetic receptors
41
Macula
- In Saccule & Utricle - Perpendicular to each other - Linear acceleration (gravity) - Static receptors
42
Types of sensory cells in Macula
Vestibular sensory cells - Type 1: Bottle-shaped - Type 2: Cylindrical
43
Cilia arrangement in Macula
Opposite arrangement of Kinocilia on 2 sides of Striola - Utricle: Kinocilia towards striola - Saccule: Kinocilia away from striola
44
What types of Neurons in Spiral ggl
Bipolar Neurons - Organ of Corti - Cochlear N
45
Modiolus Canals
- Longitudinal canals - Spiral Canals
46
Vestibular membrane function
Squamous cells with Tight junctions to preserve ionic gradient bw Perilymph and Endolymph
47
Stria Vascularis function
Stratified epithelium responsible for production and maintenance of Endolymph. Encloses capillary network pumping fluid and K+ as endolymph.
48
Spiral limbus function
Covered by Interdental cells that produce the tectorial membrane
49
Stereocilia of Hair cells
- Inner hair cell stereocilia float freely - Outer hair cell sterocilia embedded in tectorial membrane
50
Other name for Outer phalangeal cells (Corti)
Deiters
51
What causes activation of Hair cells?
Mechanosensitive K+ Channels
52
Where is 95% of acoustic information transduced from
Inner hair cells (true sensory) OHC are to amplify signal
53
What makes up Cilia of Hair cells in Macula
1 Kinocilia 40-100 Stereocilia
54
Maculae Cribrosae
- Sup. Macula cribrosa: Utricular n, ant/lat ampullary n - Medial Macula cribrosa: Saccular n - Inf. Macula cribrosa: Post. Ampullary n
55
Superior Oblique inn.
CN4
56
Lat. Rectus Inn
CN6
57
What does CN3 innervate?
- Levator palpebrae sup. - Sup/Med/Inf Rectus - Inf. oblique
58
Walls of the eye
1) External Fibrous coat 2) Middle Vascular coat 3) Inner Nervous coat
59
Layers of the Tunica Fibrosa Sclera
1) Stratum Episclerale 2) Substantia propria (Tenon) 3) Lamina suprachoroidea
60
Layers of the Tunica Fibrosa Cornea
1) Epithelium Corneae (ant.) 2) Ant. limiting membrane (Bowman's) - UV protection 3) Substantia propria (stroma) 4) Post. limiting membrane (Descemet's) - mech protection 5) Endothelium of ant. chamber AVASCULAR
61
What cells are found in T. Fibrosa bw collagen lamellae?
Keratocytes (Parallel or Perpendicular)
62
What collagen type in Cornea Stroma
Type I
63
Layers of the Tunica Vascularis Choroid
1) Suprachoroid layer (Haller’s Space) 2-3) Lamina Vascularis 4) Choriocapillary Layer 5) Vitreal layer (Bruch's)
64
Layers of the Tunica Vascularis Ciliary Body
1) Supraciliary Layer 2) Ciliary muscle (oculomotor n) 3) Vascular layer 4) Ciliary epithelium (ciliary part of retina)
65
Layers of the Tunica Vascularis Iris
1) Endothelium of ant chamber 2) Stroma (mm, melanocytes) 3) Stratum pigmenti iridis
66
Types of muscle Fibers in Ciliary Body
- Meridional fibres (Brūcke) -Circular fibers (Müller)
67
What produces aqueous humor?
Ciliary processes to the posterior chamber
68
What drains aqueous humor?
Fontana's space to Schlemm's canal In corneo-scleral Limbus
69
Layers of the Lens
1) Lens capsule 2) Anterior epithelium 3) Cortex of Lens 4) Lens Nucleus
70
What holds lens?
Zonular Fibers from ciliary body
71
What type of cells in Lens?
Simple cuboidal epithelium ONLY Anteriorly (Basal membrane layer capsule above)
72
Glial cells in Retina
- Horizontal cells - Amacrine cells - Müller cells (Supporting)
73
Retina Layers how many?
10 Layers
74
Retina Layer names
1) Pigmented Epithelium 2) Cones & Rods 3) Ext. Limiting membrane 4) Ext. nuclear layer 5) Ext. Synaptic Layer (Plexiform) 6) Int. Nuclear Layer 7) Int. Synaptic Layer (Plexiform) 8) Ganglion Cell Layer 9) Optic N fibers 10) Int. Limiting membrane
75
Border between sensitive and non sensitive parts of Retina?
Ora Serrata
76
What is the name of area where optic fibers leave eye?
Area Cribrosa
77
What Vessels can be seen Near optic nerve on slide?
- Central Retinal A (with nerve) - Ciliary A br of Opthalmic (further)
78
What connects the Pituitary to the Hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
79
Blood Supply of the Pituitary gland
- Sup. Hypophyseal A. (ICA) - Inf. Hypophyseal A. (Circle of Willis)
80
Divisions of Pituitary
- Neurohypophysis - Adenohypophysis
81
Neurohypophysis
- Posterior Pituitary - No hormone production - Neuronal Tissue
82
Adenohypophysis
- Anterior Pituitary - Hormone Production - Glandular Tissue
83
Magnocellular Cells
- In Paraventricular & Supraoptic Nuclei - Axons sent through Pituitary stalk to Neurohypophysis - Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Tract
84
Expressed Hormones in Magnocellular Neurons
- Vasopressin (ADH) - Oxytocin
85
What Carries Hormones of Magnocellular Neurons?
- Neurophysin 1 = Oxytocin - Neurophysin 2 = Vasopressin
86
Where are Hormones stored before release?
Herring Bodies
87
What do Herring Bodies store?
Oxytocin and ADH produced by Hypothalamus
88
Parvocellular System Nuclei
- Periventricular - Paraventricular - Preoptic - Arcuate Nuceli
89
Parvocellular System
Cellular release of Hormones into the Portal Circulation
90
Flow of Blood with Hormones in Pituitary
1) Primary Capillary system established by sup/inf hypophyseal arteries 2) Secondary capillary bed forms to anterior pituitary through portal veins 3) Blood carying hormones exits via Hypophyseal Vein
91
Chromophobes
- Dont stain - Dont produce Hormone now - Already secreted hormone
92
Acidophils
- Somatotroph (GH releasing) -Lactotroph (Prolactin secretion)
93
Basophils
- Thyrotrophs (TSH) - Gonadotrophs (LH & FSH) - Corticotropes (ACTH)
94
Where is the Sole source of Cholinergic Innervation of Cortex?
Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
95
Parts of the Adenohypophysis
- Pars Distalis - Pars Tuberalis - Pars Intermediata
96
Meyer's Loop
Inferior Retinal fibers from LGB (Temporal)
97
Barum's Loop
Superior Retinal fibers from LGB (Parietal)
98
What does Neurohypophysis develop from?
Floor of the Diencephalon
99
What makes up 25% of Neurohypophysis?
Pituicytes (type of astrocyte)
100
What does Adenohypophysis develop from?
Hypophyseal placodes
100
Spongiosa scelae
- Iridocorneal angle - Trabeculae - Fontana’s spaces

Histology (10 decks)

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