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CPH LEC > 2nd trinal > Flashcards

2nd trinal Flashcards

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1
Q

illnesses That spread from one person to another or from animal to a person or from a surface or a food

A

communicable diseases

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2
Q

Examples of communicable diseases

A

HIV
Measles
Salmonella
blood-borne diseases
hepatitis A B C

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3
Q

6 criteria That needs to be met to diagnose a hepatitis infection

A
  1. infection agent (hepa virus)
  2. reservoir
  3. route of infection
  4. transmission mode
  5. route of entry
  6. susceptible subject
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4
Q

CHAIN OF INFECTION

A

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible subject

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5
Q

How well a pathogen infects its host has to do with its

A

pathogenicity
degree of virulence
transmissibility

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6
Q

serves as a place in the environment where a pathogen lives, replicates and thrives

A

reservoir

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7
Q

2 types of reservoir

A

symptomatic infection
asymptomatic carriers

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8
Q

This means that the patient contacts and normal activities will normally be restricted

A

symptomatic infection

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9
Q

carriers do Not display any signs or symptoms of illness. They are a symptomatic but can still spread disease

A

asymptomatic carriers

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10
Q

example of asymptomatic carrier

A

typhoid mary

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11
Q

Any infectious disease that is naturally transmitted from animal to human

A

zoonotic disease

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12
Q

causative agent of tetanus and make soils as their reservoir

A

clostridium tetani

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13
Q

causative agent of legionnaries disease and makes water as their reservoir

A

legionella pneumophilla

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14
Q

refers to any route refers to any route that the pathogen can leave the reservoir

A

portal of exit

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15
Q

in human the main Portals of exit includes

A

alimentary
genitourinary
respiratory
skin

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16
Q

vomiting, diarrhea and saliva

A

alimentary

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17
Q

sexual contact

A

genitourinary

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18
Q

secretions from coughing
sneezing
or talking

A

respiratory

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19
Q

open wounds
bodily secretions

A

skin

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20
Q

mode of transmissions

A

direct and indirect contact

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21
Q

skin to skin contact
kissing
sexual contact
contact with oral secretions
contact with body lesions

A

direct contact

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22
Q

3 types of indirect contact

A

droplet transmission
airborne transmission
vector transmission

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23
Q

requires a pathogen to be transferred through the air from its resery in a droplet of body secretions

A

droplet transmission

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24
Q

occurs when pathogens is smaller than 5 microns in size remain suspended in the air long after the infected person has left the area

A

airborne transmission

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25
utilizes insects to transport the pathogen
vector transmission
26
opposite of the portal of Exit this is any route that a pathogen uses to enter the body 
portal of entry
27
examples of portal of entry
inhalation absorption ingestion inoculation introduction cuts in the skin
28
via respiratory tract or mouth
inhalation
29
via mucous membranes such as the eyes
absorption
30
via the gastrointestinal tract
ingestion
31
as the result of inoculation injury
inoculation
32
via the insertion of medical devices
introduction
33
last link in the chain of infection this is the organism that will feel the effects of the infectious disease that has traveled through the chain of infection
susceptible host
34
susceptible host depends in many factors
age health status medication usage general resistance factors
35
The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man or animals
infection
36
Number of new cases in a given time expressed as percent infected per year or commutative incidents or number purple person time of observation or incidents density
incidence
37
percent infected per year
cumulative incidence
38
number per person time of observation
incidence density
39
disease is completely reduced to zero worldwide
eradication
40
illnesses cause by germs such as bacteria viruses and fungi that enter the body and can cause an infection
infectious diseases
41
the lodgment development and reproduction of arthropods on the surface of the body in the clothing
infestation
42
Number of cases at a given time expressed as a percent at a given time
prevalence
43
disease has been reduced to zero in a specific region or geographical area
elimination
44
classification of infectious disease
bacteria virus fungi parasite
45
shapes of bacteria
cocci bacillus vibrios spirochaetes spirilla
46
public health measures
purification of water proper disposal of sewage pasteurization of milk immunization improved nutrition personal hygiene
47
introduction of antibiotics
1940
48
this microorganisms must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from disease
koch's postulate
49
1843-1910
robert koch
50
eliminated smallpox in the US and other insdustrialized countries
routine immunization
51
Broadly defined as a situation where an immune response to one infection confers protection against another distinct infection or disease
cross-immunity
52
cross immunity is called
cross-reactivity
53
examples of cross-imuunity
cowpox and smallpox
54
he creates first small pox vaccination and in the year
1796 edward jenner
55
WHO pushes eradication efforts in this year
1967
56
in what year did WHO declares smallpox eradication
1980
57
smallpox virus officially s remains only in two laboratories
CDC Russian laboratory in siberia
58
infections that are passed from one person to another through sexual contact
sexually transmitted diseases
59
causative Agent of bacterial vaginosis
gardnella vaginallis
60
Causative agent of the syphilis
treponema pallidum
61
It is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum subspecies palli usually spread by sexual contact starts as a painless sore form on genitals rectum or mouth spread from person to person via skin or mucous membranes in contact with these sores
syphilis
62
first sign of syphilis is a small sore . I entered your body it is usually develops about three weeks after exposure it is painless and maybe he then within the vagina or rectum and it will heal on its own within 3 to 6 weeks
chancre
63
first sign of syphilis and it is when chancre appears
primary syphilis
64
in this stage Stage you may experience a rash that begins on your trunk but eventually covers your entire body even the palms of your hands in the soles of your feet 
secondary syphilis
65
Also known as hidden symptoms and is defined as having serological proof of infection without symptoms of disease it is further described as a early or late
latent syphilis
66
This is where complications a cure 15 to 30% of of people infected with syphilis you don't get treatment will develop complications known as
tertiary syphilis
67
Early syphilis at first within the first two years of life
congenital syphilis
68
causative agent of chlamydia
chlamydia trachomatis
69
causative agent of HPV infection
human papillomaviruses
70
causative agent of trichimoniasis or trich
trichonomas vaginalis
71
sex parasites
giardia intestinalis trichomonas vaginalis tryponosoma gambiense leishmania sp
72
causative agent of gonorrhea
neisseria gonorrohoea
73
causative agent of mgen infection
mycoplasma genitalium
74
causative agent of genital herpes
HSV-1 HSV-2 herpes simplex virus
75
Infection of a women's reproductive organs and it's complication often causes buy some yeah STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhea
pelvic inflammatory disease
76
causative agent of LPV lymphogranuloma venereum
chlamydia trachomatis serevars L1 L2 L3
77
causative agent of chancroid
haemophilus ducreyi
78
causative agent of ectoparasitic infections "pediculosis pubis"
phthirus pubis
79
can only infect human beings attacks your T cells and uses them to make copies of themselves
HIV
80
First patient of HIV through bone marrow transplant
timothy ray brown

CPH LEC (3 decks)

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