3/17 UWORD test # 49 Flashcards
(36 cards)
Q 1. embryological origin of spleen?
mesoderm
- spleen is weird. it is derived from mesoderm, but receives blood supply from foregut origin (splenic artery)
Q 1. most of intrabdominal organs are derived from endoderm. What four structures are exception? From what embryological structures are they derived from?
adrenal cortex
spleen
kidney
ureter
ASKU! - they are ALL derived from mesoderm
Q 1. embryological origin of testes/ovaries?
mesoderm
Q 2. what abnormal findings in stool & breath in lactose deficiency? explain mechanism
incomplete lactose digestion
- > short chain fatty acid
- > acidic stool & acidic breath
Q 4. Explain why isoniazid causes peripheral neuropathy
isoniazid is structurally similar to B6.
It can compete with B6 during synthesis of multiple neurotransmitters, yielding defective neurotransmitters
Q 5. Triad symptoms of ataxia telangiectasia
- ataxia
- Teleangiectasia (superficial blanching nest of disintended capillaries)
- IgA deficiency -recurrent sinupulmonary infection
Q 5. Defective gene in ataxia telangiectasia? What is function of this gene?
ATM
double strand DNA break
- remember this gene from XJ’s summer rotation?
Q 6. What is the most common elbow injury in young kid (age 1-4)? What ligament is injured? what is gross appearance of arm?
radial head subluxation
annular ligament
extended arm, while forearm is protonated
Q 7. What is growth pattern of diffuse type gastric cancer cell?
infiltrative growth WITHIN GASTRIC WALL
well demarcated
Q 7. What is growth pattern of intestinal type gastric cancer cell?
well demarcated rapid growth of cell IN GASTRIC LUMEN
Q 10. Dyspnea with recent history of calf swelling. What is most likely happening?
PE
Q 10. With acute onset of respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, how long does it take to have reduction in HCO3- in response to metabolic compensation?
48 hours
Q 11. What is common route of transmission of entamoeba histolytica?
cyst in water
Q 11. By what route does Staph.aureus cause hepatic abscess?
hematogenous route
Q 11. By what route does E.coli, klebsiella cause hepatic abscess?
ascending biliary tract or portal vein
Q 12. suprapubic tenderness, burning urination. Diagnosis?
UTI
Q 12. most common cause of UTI in general population? what about sexually active women?
- general population: E.coli
- sexually active women: Staph. saprophyticus
Q 12. Symptoms of each UTI
- urethritis
- cystitis
- pyelonephritis
urethritis: pain with urination
cystitis: suprapubic pain
pyelonephritis: flank pain, pain in costovertebral angle
Q 13. Mycoplasma pneumoniae grows on which agar? What is special about this agar?
Eaton agar
This agar is cholesterol rich. Mycoplasma requires cholesterol as their cell membrane is cholesterol rich
- sketchy: “do not EAT ON ice” sign, net with cholesterol structure
Q 14. Compare signaling pathway for glycogen regulation of each hormone
- glucagon
- epinephrine
- insulin
- glucagon
glucagon receptor -> adenylate cyclase -> cAMP
-> PKA -> activation of glycogen phosphorylase - epinephrine
Beta receptor -> adenylate cyclase ->-> same as glucagon - insulin
tyrosine kinase -> P13K -> protein phosphatase
-> dephosphorylation of PKA -> activation of glycogen synthase - glucagon/epinephrine: phosphorylation
- insulin: dephosphorylation
Q 16. Role of cortisol in glucose metabolism?
cortisol is counter-regulatory hormone
: gluconeogensis (like glucagon/epinephrine)
cortisol is steroid hormone so it uses intracellular receptor to regulate gene expression for enzymes in gluconeogenesis
Q 17. TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) causes what type of anemia?
microangiopathic HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- seriously, why did I miss this question?
Q 18. Does HSV-2 cause inguinal lymphadenopathy
sure.
*sketchy: hermes wearing lace dress
Q 19. What is pituitary apoplexy? what is common underlying medical condition?
sudden hemorrhage into pituitary gland
often happens in the presence of existing pituitary adenoma
