3 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is liberation theology according to Maduro?
Liberation theology believes that religion can be a revolutionary force that brings about change.
How did liberation theology radicalize the Catholic clergy?
It made them see that serving the poor was part of their Christian duty.
What is Lenmann’s view on Pentecostalism?
Lenmann argues that Pentecostalism prevents social change.
What does Lenmann suggest as a solution for poverty?
He offers an ‘option of the poor’ for individuals to pull themselves out of poverty through their own efforts, supported by the congregation and led by church pastors.
What is the nature of the solution proposed by Lenmann?
The solution is conservative, focusing on individual self-improvement through the private sphere of family and church.
What do millenarian movements believe according to Worsley?
Millenarian movements believe that the world will be transformed by supernatural means, creating Heaven on Earth.
What leads to the emergence of millenarian movements?
These movements are born of frustration and call for complete change.
What do Melanesians in cargo cults believe?
They believe that the cargo was meant for islanders but had been diverted by colonists, leading to an unjust social order that should be overturned.
What was the impact of cargo cult beliefs on colonial rule?
This belief led to widespread unrest that threatened colonial rule.
What does Billings say about religion’s role in social change?
Billings argues that religion can promote or stifle social change.
What example does Billings use to illustrate his point?
He uses the differences between coal miners and textile workers in Kentucky in the 1920s and 1930s.
How did leadership affect miners according to Billings?
Miners benefitted from the leadership of organic intellectuals who helped convert them to the union cause.
What role did organization play for miners?
Miners were able to use independent Churches to hold meetings and organize.
How did support from churches impact miners?
Churches kept miners’ morale high with supportive sermons, prayer meetings, and group singing.
What is an open belief system?
An open belief system has knowledge claims that are open to criticism and challenge.
What is a closed belief system?
A closed belief system has knowledge claims that are not open to criticism or challenge.
What does Popper say about science?
Popper states that science is open based on the principle of falsification.
What does the principle of falsification allow in science?
It allows for criticism and challenge, enabling the scientific world to grow.
What does Popper say about scientific knowledge?
He claims that scientific knowledge is cumulative.
What does cumulative scientific knowledge mean?
It means that scientific knowledge builds on the achievements of previous scientists.
