7 Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is Weber’s definition of religion?
The belief in a superior or supernatural power that is above nature and cannot be explained scientifically.
Why are substantive definitions of religion exclusive?
They draw a line between religious and non-religious beliefs; to be religious, a set of beliefs must include the belief in God or the supernatural.
What is Durkheim’s definition of religion?
Religion is defined in terms of the contribution it makes to social integration rather than a specific belief in God or the supernatural.
What is Yinger’s definition of religion?
Religion provides functions for individuals - answering ‘ultimate’ questions about the meaning of life and what happens when we die.
Why are functionalist definitions of religion inclusive and problematic?
They allow a wide range of beliefs and practices that perform functions, such as integration, to be included. However, not every occasion where an institution helps integrate a group makes it a religion.
Why are substantive definitions ethnocentric?
They exclude non-Western religions, like Buddhism, as they do not have the Western idea of a God.
Why are constructionist definitions interpretivist?
They focus on how members of society define religion, arguing that it is not possible to produce a single universal definition.
How does Aldridge show that definitions of religion are socially constructed?
Despite Scientology being a religion, several governments disregard it, showing that definitions can be contested and influenced by those in power.
What is a disadvantage of constructivist definitions compared to substantive definitions?
It makes it impossible to generalise about the nature of religion, since people have widely differing views about what counts as a religion.
How does Parsons say religion promotes social solidarity?
By helping individuals cope with unforeseen and uncontrollable events and creating and legitimising society’s central values.
